Biology 2.3.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

The Heart is made of ___ ___ Cells. Just like all other Cells in the Body, what do these Cells need to Survive?

A

Cardiac Muscle. Oxygenated Blood Supply.

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2
Q

How is the Blood Supplied to the Heart Muscles?

A

Via Coronary Arteries which branch off directly from the Aorta.

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3
Q

Why is it Vital that the Heart Muscles Constantly Receive Oxygen?

A

Because the Heart needs to Constantly Respire, so it can continue Beating.

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4
Q

What do the Coronary Arteries Supply the Heart’s Muscles with?

A

Oxygenated Blood.

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5
Q

What is ‘Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)’?

A

In CHD, Layers of Fatty Material (Cholesterol) Build up Inside the Coronary Arteries.

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6
Q

What are the 2 Sources of Cholesterol in the Body? (2)

A

-Dietary Cholesterol.

-Cholesterol Synthesised by the Liver.

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7
Q

What happens if a Coronary Artery becomes Partially or Completely Blocked by these Fatty Deposits?

A

They Lose their Elasticity, so the Blood Flowing through it Loses it’s Pressure, so it becomes Harder for the Blood to Travel through the Coronary Artery. So there is now a Lack of Oxygen in the Heart Muscles.

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8
Q

What are the 2 Types of Blockages of the Coronary Arteries that can Cause CHD? (2)

A

-Partial Blockage.

-Complete Blockage.

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9
Q

What is ‘Partial Blockage’?

A

Partial Blockage of the Coronary Arteries Creates a Restricted Blood Flow to the Cardiac Muscle Cells, & Results in Severe Chest Pains called Angina.

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10
Q

What is ‘Angina’?

A

Severe Chest Pains Caused by Partial Blockage.

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11
Q

What is ‘Complete Blockage’?

A

Complete Blockage means Cells in that Area of the Heart will not be able to Respire Aerobically, leading to a Heart Attack.

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12
Q

What can be Used to keep Blocked Coronary Arteries Open?

A

Stents.

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13
Q

What is a ‘Stent’?

A

A tiny Metal Mesh within a Balloon that can hold Blocked Coronary Arteries Open so that Blood can Flow through them to the Cardiac Muscle Cells.

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14
Q

What is ‘Thrombosis’?

A

The Blood Clots in Arteries Caused by both Partial & Complete Blockages. It happens Oftenley around Stents.

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15
Q

Stents have a very Small Risk of there being ___ in the Area around the Stent.

A

Thrombosis.

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16
Q

If you get a Heart Transplant, why must you get a suitable Donor?

A

So then your Immune System does not Reject the new Heart, & Attack it.

17
Q

What Drugs are often taken following a Heart Transplant Procedure? What do they do?

A

Immune represent Drugs. They stop your Immune System from Attacking the new Heart.

18
Q

What are ‘Statins’?

A

Statins are Drugs that are Widely Used to Reduce the Levels of Fatty Deposits (Cholesterol) in the Blood. Because, they Block an Enzymes in the Liver which is Needed to Make Cholesterol.

19
Q

What are the Advantages of Statins? (2)

A

-They Reduce the Levels of ‘Bad’ LDL Cholesterol in the Blood, Reducing the likelihood of Plaques Building Up, which lowers the Risk of CHD, Heart Attacks, & Strokes.

-Statins Can also Increase Levels of ‘Good’ HDL Cholesterol in the Blood, which can Remove ‘Bad’ Cholesterol Circulating Around the Body.

20
Q

What are the Disadvantages of Statins? (2)

A

-Statins Must be Taken Regularly for Long-Term to actually Work Properly.

-In some People, Statins May Cause Undesirable Side Effects, eg Muscle & Joint Pain, etc..