Biology 2.3.1

Question 1

The Heart is made of ___ ___ Cells. Just like all other Cells in the Body, what do these Cells need to Survive?

Answer 1

Cardiac Muscle. Oxygenated Blood Supply.

Question 2

How is the Blood Supplied to the Heart Muscles?

Answer 2

Via Coronary Arteries which branch off directly from the Aorta.

Question 3

Why is it Vital that the Heart Muscles Constantly Receive Oxygen?

Answer 3

Because the Heart needs to Constantly Respire, so it can continue Beating.

Question 4

What do the Coronary Arteries Supply the Heart’s Muscles with?

Answer 4

Oxygenated Blood.

Question 5

What is ‘Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)’?

Answer 5

In CHD, Layers of Fatty Material (Cholesterol) Build up Inside the Coronary Arteries.

Question 6

What are the 2 Sources of Cholesterol in the Body? (2)

Answer 6

-Dietary Cholesterol.

-Cholesterol Synthesised by the Liver.

Question 7

What happens if a Coronary Artery becomes Partially or Completely Blocked by these Fatty Deposits?

Answer 7

They Lose their Elasticity, so the Blood Flowing through it Loses it’s Pressure, so it becomes Harder for the Blood to Travel through the Coronary Artery. So there is now a Lack of Oxygen in the Heart Muscles.

Question 8

What are the 2 Types of Blockages of the Coronary Arteries that can Cause CHD? (2)

Answer 8

-Partial Blockage.

-Complete Blockage.

Question 9

What is ‘Partial Blockage’?

Answer 9

Partial Blockage of the Coronary Arteries Creates a Restricted Blood Flow to the Cardiac Muscle Cells, & Results in Severe Chest Pains called Angina.

Question 10

What is ‘Angina’?

Answer 10

Severe Chest Pains Caused by Partial Blockage.

Question 11

What is ‘Complete Blockage’?

Answer 11

Complete Blockage means Cells in that Area of the Heart will not be able to Respire Aerobically, leading to a Heart Attack.

Question 12

What can be Used to keep Blocked Coronary Arteries Open?

Answer 12

Stents.

Question 13

What is a ‘Stent’?

Answer 13

A tiny Metal Mesh within a Balloon that can hold Blocked Coronary Arteries Open so that Blood can Flow through them to the Cardiac Muscle Cells.

Question 14

What is ‘Thrombosis’?

Answer 14

The Blood Clots in Arteries Caused by both Partial & Complete Blockages. It happens Oftenley around Stents.

Question 15

Stents have a very Small Risk of there being ___ in the Area around the Stent.

Answer 15

Thrombosis.

Question 16

If you get a Heart Transplant, why must you get a suitable Donor?

Answer 16

So then your Immune System does not Reject the new Heart, & Attack it.

Question 17

What Drugs are often taken following a Heart Transplant Procedure? What do they do?

Answer 17

Immune represent Drugs. They stop your Immune System from Attacking the new Heart.

Question 18

What are ‘Statins’?

Answer 18

Statins are Drugs that are Widely Used to Reduce the Levels of Fatty Deposits (Cholesterol) in the Blood. Because, they Block an Enzymes in the Liver which is Needed to Make Cholesterol.

Question 19

What are the Advantages of Statins? (2)

Answer 19

-They Reduce the Levels of ‘Bad’ LDL Cholesterol in the Blood, Reducing the likelihood of Plaques Building Up, which lowers the Risk of CHD, Heart Attacks, & Strokes.

-Statins Can also Increase Levels of ‘Good’ HDL Cholesterol in the Blood, which can Remove ‘Bad’ Cholesterol Circulating Around the Body.

Question 20

What are the Disadvantages of Statins? (2)

Answer 20

-Statins Must be Taken Regularly for Long-Term to actually Work Properly.

-In some People, Statins May Cause Undesirable Side Effects, eg Muscle & Joint Pain, etc..