Biology 2.2.1

Question 1

Adaptations in the Lungs to make Gas Exchange as Efficient as possible: (4)

Answer 1

-Large SA: Faster Diffusion.

-Thin Walls: Short Diffusion Distance.

-Good Air Ventilation: Diffusion Gradients can be Maintained.

-Good Blood Supply: To Maintains a High Concentration Gradient, so Diffusion occurs Faster.

Question 2

Gas Exchange occurs by the Process of…

Answer 2

Diffusion.

Question 3

What is the Function of the ‘Ribs’?

Answer 3

Bone Structure that Surround & Protect Vital Organs- Heart & Lungs.

Question 4

What is the Function of the ‘Intercostal Muscles’?

Answer 4

Muscles Between Ribs which Control Movement, Causing Inhalation & Exhalation.

Question 5

What is the Function of the ‘Diaphragm’?

Answer 5

Sheet of Connective Tissue & Muscle at the Bottom of the Thorax that helps change the Volume of the Thorax to allow for Inhalation & Exhalation.

Question 6

What is the Function of the ‘Trachea’?

Answer 6

Windpipe that Connects the Mouth & Nose to the Lungs. Lined with Goblet Cells that Produce Mucus. Ciliated Epithelial Cells. Removes Dirt.

Question 7

What is the Function of the ‘Bronchi’?

Answer 7

Large Tubes Branching off the Trachea. One Bronchus for each Lung. Also Lined with Goblet & Ciliated Epithelial Cells.

Question 8

What is the Function of the ‘Bronchioles’?

Answer 8

The Bronchi Split to Form Smaller Tubes called Bronchioles in the Lungs Connected to Alveoli.

Question 9

What is the Function of the ‘Alveoli’?

Answer 9

Tiny Air Sacs on the Surface of the Lungs. Where Gas Exchange Occurs. Each Alveolus is Covered in Capillaries.

Question 10

Adaptations of Alveoli for Efficient Gas Exchange:

Answer 10

-Millions of Alveoli: Increases SA for Faster Diffusion.

-Single-Cell Thick Walls: Short Diffusion Distances.

-Rich Blood Supply: Maintains a Steep Concentration Gradient.

-Good Oxygen Ventilation: Maintains a Steep Concentration Gradient.