BIOLOGY 2 (DEF OF TERMS)

Question 1

Carries information that determines your traits.

Answer 1

Gene

Question 2

Characteristics that you inherit from your parents.

Answer 2

Traits

Question 3

Discrete version of the same gene.

Answer 3

Allele

Question 4

Genes of an organism for one specific trait.

Answer 4

Genotype

Question 5

The physical appearance of a trait in an organism.

Answer 5

Phenotype

Question 6

Genetic feature that “hides” the recessive trait in the phenotype of an individual.

Answer 6

Dominant Trait

Question 7

A trait that is covered over by another form of that trait that seems to disappear.

Answer 7

Recessive Trait

Question 8

Standard way of working out what the possible offspring of two parents would be.

Answer 8

Punnett Square

Question 9

Both dominant and recessive alleles in a gene.

Answer 9

Heterozygous

Question 10

A gene could either have two dominant or recessive alleles.

Answer 10

Homozygous

Question 11

More than two alleles for a trait.

Answer 11

Multiple Alleles

Question 12

Two different versions of a gene aren’t dominant, creating an intermediate or blending for the phenotype.

Answer 12

Incomplete Dominance

Question 13

Universal blood donor.

Answer 13

Type O

Question 14

Universal receiver of blood.

Answer 14

Type AB

Question 15

Two genes are dominant and both of its phenotypes are shown without change of blend or intermediate appearance.

Answer 15

Codominance

Question 16

A group of genes working together to influence a single trait.

Answer 16

Polygene

Question 17

Process in which the gene is blocked by another gene from expressing itself.

Answer 17

Epistasis

Question 18

It happens when a gene influences multiple unrelated traits.

Answer 18

Pleiotropy

Question 19

A law that states that alleles for one gene do not influence alleles for another gene.

Answer 19

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 20

A law that states that two alleles of each gene are packaged into separate gametes.

Answer 20

Law of Segregration

Question 21

The term for the first 22 chromosomes.

Answer 21

Autosomes

Question 22

The term for the 23rd pair of chromosomes.

Answer 22

Sex Chromosomes

Question 23

This sex chromosome has 1500 genes.

Answer 23

X Chromosome

Question 24

This sex chromosome has 20 genes.

Answer 24

Y Chromosome

Question 25

This is a trait controlled by a dominant allele located on one of the autosomes.

Answer 25

Autosomal Dominant

Question 26

This is a trait controlled by a recessive allele located on one of the autosomes.

Answer 26

Autosomal Recessive

Question 27

A term for a person who has a recessive allele for a paticular disorder and is able to pass it on to future generations.

Answer 27

Carrier

Question 28

The term for inheritance from a gene located on one of the sex chromosomes.

Answer 28

Sex Linkage

Question 29

Inheritance from a gene on the Y-chromosome.

Answer 29

Y-linked

Question 30

Inheritance from a gene on the X-chromosome.

Answer 30

X-linked

Question 31

X-Linked RECESSIVE disorders? | Hint: C.H.M.P.

Answer 31

1. Colour blindness 2. Hemophilia 3. Muscular dystrophy 4. Pattern baldness

Question 32

Rest Card. | Turn over after five minutes.

Answer 32

Continue.

Question 33

A family tree diagram that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations.

Answer 33

Pedigree

Question 34

Inheritance patterns in pedigrees? | Hint: D.R.X.Y.

Answer 34

1. Autosomal dominant 2. Autosomal recessive 3. X-linked dominant 4. X-linked recessive 5. Y-linked

Question 35

Which was thought to be the genetic material at first due to its complexity?

Answer 35

Protein

Question 36

They worked with virulent S and non virulent R strain Pneumococcus bacteria that suggested DNA was probably the genetic material.

Answer 36

Fred Griffith

Question 37

This is made of DNA and protein.

Answer 37

Chromosomes

Question 38

They proved that DNA is the genetic material when radioactive 32P was injected into bacteria.

Answer 38

Hershey & Chase

Question 39

They showed the amount of bases in the DNA.

Answer 39

Erwin Chargaff

Question 40

They made diffraction x-ray photographs of DNA crystals.

Answer 40

Rosalind Franklin

Question 41

They built the frst model of DNA using another's diffraction photograph.

Answer 41

Watson & Crick

Question 42

This strand FOLLOWS the direction of the replication fork.

Answer 42

Leading strand

Question 43

This strand GOES AGAINST the direction of the replication fork.

Answer 43

Lagging strand

Question 44

Where does DNA Replication take place in prokaryotic cell?

Answer 44

Cytoplasm / Genetic Region

Question 45

This enzyme UNZIPS the DNA and forms the replication fork.

Answer 45

Helicase

Question 46

This enzyme UNWINDS the DNA and relieves stress on the DNA separating.

Answer 46

Topoisomerase / Gyrase

Question 47

This forms when 2 DNA strands open at an origin.

Answer 47

Replication Bubble

Question 48

Where does DNA Replication / Transcription take place in eukaryotic cell?

Answer 48

Nucleus

Question 49

This enzyme supplies the complementary strand on the first 10 bases.

Answer 49

DNA Polymerase

Question 50

This enzyme adds the primer, first nitrogenous bases.

Answer 50

Primase

Question 51

This enzyme proofreads the leading and lagging strand.

Answer 51

Exonuclease

Question 52

This is usually found in the lagging strands and is not connected properly and has gaps.

Answer 52

Okazaki Fragments

Question 53

This enzyme joins the Okazaki Fragments.

Answer 53

Ligase

Question 54

This is a mechanism that repairs damaged DNA throughout the cell cycle.

Answer 54

Excision Repair

Question 55

Types of RNA? | Hint: M.T.R.

Answer 55

1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) 2. Transfer RNA (tRNA) 3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 56

Codons with sense. Portion of mRNA that is translated after intron are removed.

Answer 56

Exons

Question 57

Nonsense codons that are removed after translation.

Answer 57

Introns

Question 58

This is where the mature RNA will exit from the nucleus.

Answer 58

Nuclear Pore

Question 59

START codon?

Answer 59

AUG / Met

Question 60

STOP codon?

Answer 60

UAA, UAG, UGA