Biology 1st Semester Final Review

Question 1

Order in systems means this.

Answer 1

ORDER means parts of a system are arranged SEQUENTIALLY. There is a sequence that must be followed.

Question 2

What is a system?

Answer 2

https://m.youtube.com/user/BiologyBFHS

Question 3

What are the parts of the RESPIRATORY system in order?

Answer 3

Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Question 4

What are the parts of the DIGESTIVE system, in order?

Answer 4

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (liver & pancreas) large intestine, anus

Question 5

Starting with the heart, what are the parts of the CIRCULATORY system, in order?

Answer 5

Heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins and back to the heart

Question 6

What is the dependent variable of an experiment?

Answer 6

The dependent variable is the one that responds to (effect) the independent variable.

Question 7

Where is the dependent variable placed on a graph?

Answer 7

The dependent variable is located on the Y (vertical) axis.

Question 8

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 8

A hypothesis is a possible explanation for a phenomenon. It is usually based on prior information and must be TESTABLE.

Question 9

How many variables does a good, controlled experiment test at one time?

Answer 9

A controlled experiment should test only ONE variable at a time.

Question 10

What is a theory?

Answer 10

A theory is highly supported explanation that is unlikely to be dis-proven. However, if new information becomes available, it can be dis-proven.

Question 11

What does observation mean in science?

Answer 11

OBSERVATION means using your senses to gather information.

Question 12

What is an INDEPENDENT variable.

Answer 12

The INDEPENDENT variable is controlled or manipulated by the scientist. It is the CAUSE of the change in the dependent variable.

Question 13

On a graph, where is the independent variable located?

Answer 13

The INDEPENDENT variable is located on the X (horizontal) axis.

Question 14

What is a catalyst?

Answer 14

A catalyst is a substance that SPEEDS UP chemical reactions.

Question 15

What do enzymes do to the bonds of their substrates?

Answer 15

Enzymes WEAKEN the bonds of their substrates.

Question 16

What do enzymes do to the activation energy of a reaction?

Answer 16

Enzymes LOWER the ACTIVATION ENERGY of a reaction.

Question 17

How do extreme temperatures affect enzymes?

Answer 17

Extreme temperatures make enzymes LESS EFFECTIVE.

Question 18

Where does a substrate bind to an enzyme?

Answer 18

A substrate bind to the enzyme at the ACTIVE SITE.

Question 19

What are ABIOTIC factors?

Answer 19

Abioltic factors are the non-living parts of an ecosystem that affect the success of organisms living there. Air quality, amount of sunlight, and average temperatures are examples.

Question 20

What is a niche?

Answer 20

A niche is an organisms lifestyle/role within an ecosystem.

Question 21

What’s an ECOSYSTEM?

Answer 21

An ECOSYSTEM is the collection of ALL of the BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC FACTORS in particular location of a biome.

Question 22

What is the correct order of the levels of organization found in the biosphere from the broadest to the most specific?

Answer 22

Biosphere, biome, ecosystem, community, population, organism

Question 23

What is a BIOTIC factor?

Answer 23

BIOTIC factors are the LIVING factors within an ecosystem.

Question 24

What are PRODUCERS?

Answer 24

PRODUCERS are organisms, like plants, that can make their own food. They are autotrophic.

Question 25

What is the ultimate source of energy for ecosystems found on land?

Answer 25

Sunlight is the energy source that drives most land ecosystems.

Question 26

What kind of organisms occupy the lowest trophic level of a food chain, web, or pyramid?

Answer 26

Producers or autotrophs occupy the lowest trophic level.

Question 27

Is a chemosynthetic organism an autotroph or a heterotroph? Why?

Answer 27

A chemosynthetic organism is an autotroph because it produces its own food. It uses the energy stored in inorganic molecules to do this.

Question 28

What is a consumer or a heterotroph?

Answer 28

A consumer, or heterotroh, is an organisms that CANNOT make its own food. It has to EAT its food instead.

Question 29

What do herbivores consume?

Answer 29

Herbivores only consume PLANT material.

Question 30

What is a food web?

Answer 30

A food WEB is composed of the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem.

Question 31

How much energy from a previous trophic level is stored in the next level?

Answer 31

Only about 10% of the energy from one trophic level is stored in the next.

Question 32

How does MATTER move through the biosphere?

Answer 32

Matter CYCLES through the biosphere.

Question 33

How does ENERGY move through the biosphere?

Answer 33

Energy moves in a ONE-WAY PATH through the biosphere.

Question 34

What are the 3 main processes that drive the WATER CYCLE?

Answer 34

EVAPORATION, CONDENSATION, & PRECIPITATION are the 3 main processes that drive the Water Cycle.

Question 35

Can energy be recycled?

Answer 35

No, energy cannot be recycled - it moves in a one-way path.

Question 36

What is TRANSPIRATION?

Answer 36

Transpiration is the loss of WATER from the leaves of a plant.

Question 37

What are the 3 parts of the CELL THEORY?

Answer 37

All LIVING things are made of cells. Cells come from other cells. Cells are the structural and functional unit of life.

Question 38

What is found in the nucleus of cells?

Answer 38

The nucleus contains GENETIC MATERIAL.

Question 39

What is a PROKARYOTE?

Answer 39

A prokaryote is an organism whose cells LACK nuclei.

Question 40

What are the characteristics of EUKARYOTIC cells?

Answer 40

``` Eukaryotic cells: Typically larger than prokarytic cells Have a TRUE NUCLEUS Have complex structure Have membrane-bound organelles ```

Question 41

What is an example of a prokaryotic organism?

Answer 41

Bacteria are prokaryotes.

Question 42

What is a CELL WALL?

Answer 42

A Cell Wall is a border outside of cell membranes that is made of tough, nonliving fibers. It protect the cell but does NOT regulate what enters or leaves the cell.

Question 43

Do animal cells typically have cell walls?

Answer 43

No animal cells don't have cells walls, but plants, some bacteria and fungi do.

Question 44

Which 2 organelles produce ATP?

Answer 44

Mitochondria and chloroplasts both make ATP.

Question 45

In what kind of cell would you expect to find a chloroplast? Why?

Answer 45

Plant cells have chloroplasts because they use this organelle to make glucose (food) during photosynthesis.

Question 46

What do ribosomes do?

Answer 46

Ribosomes make proteins.

Question 47

Do prokaryotic cells have DNA?

Answer 47

Yes prokaryotic cells have DNA but it is not stored in a nucleus. It is in the cytoplasm.

Question 48

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?

Answer 48

Photosythesis occurs in the CHLOROPLASTS of plant cells.

Question 49

What is DIFFUSION?

Answer 49

DIFFUSION is the movement of molecules from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration.

Question 50

Why do molecules move from High to Low concentration during diffusion?

Answer 50

Molecules are continually moving and colliding into each other and because of this they naturally spread out to reach equilibrium.

Question 51

Once equilibrium is reached, will molecules stop moving or stop crossing the membrane?

Answer 51

No - after equilibrium is reached molecules still move about but as they move, they will continually maintain equilibrium.

Question 52

What is ACTIVE Transport?

Answer 52

Active transport occurs when the CELL uses ENERGY to move molecules. This could be when using pumps, exocytosis or endocytosis. All 3 require cellular energy.

Question 53

What is osmosis?

Answer 53

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a membrane. Water moves from high to low water concentrations.

Question 54

What would happen if you placed a hypertonic cell into pure water?

Answer 54

Water would move into the cell (osmosis) and eventually the cell would burst due to the osmotic pressure.

Question 55

What does isotonic mean?

Answer 55

Isotonic means the concentration in 2 areas is equal.

Question 56

What are the 3 parts of an ATP molecule?

Answer 56

ATP is made from: Adenine (base) Ribose (sugar) 3 Phosphates

Question 57

Where is energy stored in ATP & how is it released?

Answer 57

Energy is stored in the bonds between the phosphates and is released when a phosphate is removed.

Question 58

Chlorphyll is plant pigment which absorbs blue & red light. What color does it reflect?

Answer 58

Chlorophyll doesn't absorb green light well & so it reflects it - making plants green.

Question 59

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 59

6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 60

List 3 things produced by the Light Dependent Reactions.

Answer 60

The Light Dependent Reactions make: O2 (oxygen gas) ATP NADPH

Question 61

Where do the Light Reactions and Calvin Cycle each occur in the chloroplast.

Answer 61

The LDR occur in the thylakoids and the Calvin Cycle takes place in the stroma.

Question 62

What does the Calvin Cycle make?

Answer 62

The main product of the Calvin Cycle is glucose.

Question 63

What gas is required for the production of glucose in the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 63

CO2 is required by the Calvin Cycle in order to make glucose.

Question 64

What are three types of ecological pyramids?

Answer 64

Energy Pyramid Biomass Pyramid Numbers Pyramid