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Final Review > Biology 1st Semester Final Review > Flashcards

Biology 1st Semester Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

Order in systems means this.

A

ORDER means parts of a system are arranged SEQUENTIALLY. There is a sequence that must be followed.

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2
Q

What is a system?

A

https://m.youtube.com/user/BiologyBFHS

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3
Q

What are the parts of the RESPIRATORY system in order?

A

Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

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4
Q

What are the parts of the DIGESTIVE system, in order?

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (liver & pancreas) large intestine, anus

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5
Q

Starting with the heart, what are the parts of the CIRCULATORY system, in order?

A

Heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins and back to the heart

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6
Q

What is the dependent variable of an experiment?

A

The dependent variable is the one that responds to (effect) the independent variable.

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7
Q

Where is the dependent variable placed on a graph?

A

The dependent variable is located on the Y (vertical) axis.

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8
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

A hypothesis is a possible explanation for a phenomenon. It is usually based on prior information and must be TESTABLE.

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9
Q

How many variables does a good, controlled experiment test at one time?

A

A controlled experiment should test only ONE variable at a time.

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10
Q

What is a theory?

A

A theory is highly supported explanation that is unlikely to be dis-proven. However, if new information becomes available, it can be dis-proven.

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11
Q

What does observation mean in science?

A

OBSERVATION means using your senses to gather information.

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12
Q

What is an INDEPENDENT variable.

A

The INDEPENDENT variable is controlled or manipulated by the scientist. It is the CAUSE of the change in the dependent variable.

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13
Q

On a graph, where is the independent variable located?

A

The INDEPENDENT variable is located on the X (horizontal) axis.

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14
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A catalyst is a substance that SPEEDS UP chemical reactions.

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15
Q

What do enzymes do to the bonds of their substrates?

A

Enzymes WEAKEN the bonds of their substrates.

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16
Q

What do enzymes do to the activation energy of a reaction?

A

Enzymes LOWER the ACTIVATION ENERGY of a reaction.

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17
Q

How do extreme temperatures affect enzymes?

A

Extreme temperatures make enzymes LESS EFFECTIVE.

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18
Q

Where does a substrate bind to an enzyme?

A

A substrate bind to the enzyme at the ACTIVE SITE.

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19
Q

What are ABIOTIC factors?

A

Abioltic factors are the non-living parts of an ecosystem that affect the success of organisms living there. Air quality, amount of sunlight, and average temperatures are examples.

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20
Q

What is a niche?

A

A niche is an organisms lifestyle/role within an ecosystem.

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21
Q

What’s an ECOSYSTEM?

A

An ECOSYSTEM is the collection of ALL of the BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC FACTORS in particular location of a biome.

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22
Q

What is the correct order of the levels of organization found in the biosphere from the broadest to the most specific?

A

Biosphere, biome, ecosystem, community, population, organism

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23
Q

What is a BIOTIC factor?

A

BIOTIC factors are the LIVING factors within an ecosystem.

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24
Q

What are PRODUCERS?

A

PRODUCERS are organisms, like plants, that can make their own food. They are autotrophic.

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25
Q

What is the ultimate source of energy for ecosystems found on land?

A

Sunlight is the energy source that drives most land ecosystems.

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26
Q

What kind of organisms occupy the lowest trophic level of a food chain, web, or pyramid?

A

Producers or autotrophs occupy the lowest trophic level.

27
Q

Is a chemosynthetic organism an autotroph or a heterotroph? Why?

A

A chemosynthetic organism is an autotroph because it produces its own food. It uses the energy stored in inorganic molecules to do this.

28
Q

What is a consumer or a heterotroph?

A

A consumer, or heterotroh, is an organisms that CANNOT make its own food. It has to EAT its food instead.

29
Q

What do herbivores consume?

A

Herbivores only consume PLANT material.

30
Q

What is a food web?

A

A food WEB is composed of the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem.

31
Q

How much energy from a previous trophic level is stored in the next level?

A

Only about 10% of the energy from one trophic level is stored in the next.

32
Q

How does MATTER move through the biosphere?

A

Matter CYCLES through the biosphere.

33
Q

How does ENERGY move through the biosphere?

A

Energy moves in a ONE-WAY PATH through the biosphere.

34
Q

What are the 3 main processes that drive the WATER CYCLE?

A

EVAPORATION, CONDENSATION, & PRECIPITATION are the 3 main processes that drive the Water Cycle.

35
Q

Can energy be recycled?

A

No, energy cannot be recycled - it moves in a one-way path.

36
Q

What is TRANSPIRATION?

A

Transpiration is the loss of WATER from the leaves of a plant.

37
Q

What are the 3 parts of the CELL THEORY?

A

All LIVING things are made of cells.
Cells come from other cells.
Cells are the structural and functional unit of life.

38
Q

What is found in the nucleus of cells?

A

The nucleus contains GENETIC MATERIAL.

39
Q

What is a PROKARYOTE?

A

A prokaryote is an organism whose cells LACK nuclei.

40
Q

What are the characteristics of EUKARYOTIC cells?

A 
Eukaryotic cells:
Typically larger than prokarytic cells
Have a TRUE NUCLEUS
Have complex structure
Have membrane-bound organelles
41
Q

What is an example of a prokaryotic organism?

A

Bacteria are prokaryotes.

42
Q

What is a CELL WALL?

A

A Cell Wall is a border outside of cell membranes that is made of tough, nonliving fibers. It protect the cell but does NOT regulate what enters or leaves the cell.

43
Q

Do animal cells typically have cell walls?

A

No animal cells don’t have cells walls, but plants, some bacteria and fungi do.

44
Q

Which 2 organelles produce ATP?

A

Mitochondria and chloroplasts both make ATP.

45
Q

In what kind of cell would you expect to find a chloroplast? Why?

A

Plant cells have chloroplasts because they use this organelle to make glucose (food) during photosynthesis.

46
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

Ribosomes make proteins.

47
Q

Do prokaryotic cells have DNA?

A

Yes prokaryotic cells have DNA but it is not stored in a nucleus. It is in the cytoplasm.

48
Q

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?

A

Photosythesis occurs in the CHLOROPLASTS of plant cells.

49
Q

What is DIFFUSION?

A

DIFFUSION is the movement of molecules from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration.

50
Q

Why do molecules move from High to Low concentration during diffusion?

A

Molecules are continually moving and colliding into each other and because of this they naturally spread out to reach equilibrium.

51
Q

Once equilibrium is reached, will molecules stop moving or stop crossing the membrane?

A

No - after equilibrium is reached molecules still move about but as they move, they will continually maintain equilibrium.

52
Q

What is ACTIVE Transport?

A

Active transport occurs when the CELL uses ENERGY to move molecules. This could be when using pumps, exocytosis or endocytosis. All 3 require cellular energy.

53
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a membrane. Water moves from high to low water concentrations.

54
Q

What would happen if you placed a hypertonic cell into pure water?

A

Water would move into the cell (osmosis) and eventually the cell would burst due to the osmotic pressure.

55
Q

What does isotonic mean?

A

Isotonic means the concentration in 2 areas is equal.

56
Q

What are the 3 parts of an ATP molecule?

A

ATP is made from:
Adenine (base)
Ribose (sugar)
3 Phosphates

57
Q

Where is energy stored in ATP & how is it released?

A

Energy is stored in the bonds between the phosphates and is released when a phosphate is removed.

58
Q

Chlorphyll is plant pigment which absorbs blue & red light. What color does it reflect?

A

Chlorophyll doesn’t absorb green light well & so it reflects it - making plants green.

59
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6O2

60
Q

List 3 things produced by the Light Dependent Reactions.

A

The Light Dependent Reactions make:
O2 (oxygen gas)
ATP
NADPH

61
Q

Where do the Light Reactions and Calvin Cycle each occur in the chloroplast.

A

The LDR occur in the thylakoids and the Calvin Cycle takes place in the stroma.

62
Q

What does the Calvin Cycle make?

A

The main product of the Calvin Cycle is glucose.

63
Q

What gas is required for the production of glucose in the Calvin Cycle?

A

CO2 is required by the Calvin Cycle in order to make glucose.

64
Q

What are three types of ecological pyramids?

A

Energy Pyramid
Biomass Pyramid
Numbers Pyramid

Final Review (3 decks)

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