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yr10 exams > biology > Flashcards

biology Flashcards

science

1
Q

What is a gamete

A

A sex cell

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2
Q

Prostate gland

A

Located below the bladder and surrounds the uretha and produces a fluid that makes up semen

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3
Q

Haploid - n

A

One copy of genetic material subdivided into chromosomes
eg gametes

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4
Q

Diploid - 2n

A

Two copies of genetic material subdivided into chromosomes
eg zygote

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5
Q

When two haploid gametes combine it produces a

A

Zygote

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6
Q

Mutation

A

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell.

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7
Q

Chromosomal mutation

A

An error that affects an entire chromosome eg down syndrome

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8
Q

Beneficial mutation

A

Error in the length of DNA that effects the expression of a gene

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9
Q

Phenotype

A

The physical characteristics of an individual eg blue eyes

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10
Q

Genotype

A

The genes responsible for the characteristics eg eye colour

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11
Q

Dominant

A

Its phenotype is expressed even when paired with a reccesive allele
eg B

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12
Q

Recessive

A

A recessive allele is only visible when paired with another

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13
Q

Homozygous dominant

A

If someone is homozygous for brown hair they would have 2 copies of the dominant allele for brown hair
BB

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14
Q

Recessieve dominant

A

For having blue eyes you would need 2 copies of recessive allele
bb

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15
Q

Heterzygous

A

You have two different alleles Bb but the dominant overpowers the recessive

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16
Q

Mitosis

A

When a cell divided the chromosomes double by replacing itself. The cell then splits once to make 2 indentical cells. This is used for growth and repair

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17
Q

Meiosis

A

Many different stages which creates variation between all the cells produced. This ensures all babies are unique. The function of meiosis is used for reproduction is why it produces haploid cells

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18
Q

Difference between Mitosis and Meiosis

A

Mitosis
- Has two cells that are indentical
- Growth, repair, replace
- Creates diploid cells

Meiosis
- Has 4 cells, all unique
- Reproduction
- Creates haploid cells - sperm and egg

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19
Q

Variation

A

The difference between individuals, the genes we inheriet and the environment we live in
Helps population to survive

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20
Q

Continuous

A

Quanatative it change change
eg height, weight, heart rate

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21
Q

Discrete

A

Qualitive it cant change
eg finger prints, blood types

22
Q

Evolution

A

The change in the heritable characteristics of a population overtime

23
Q

Natural selection

A

Species ability to adapt to a changing environment

24
Q

Selective breeding

A

Involves choosing parents with particular characteristics to breed together and produce offspring with more desirable traits

25
Q

Define a mutation as a change in the genetic code

A

A change in a genetic sequence

26
Q

Examples of mutations

A

Cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, and sickle cell disease

27
Q

Cell

A

The smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body.

28
Q

Tissue

A

A group or layer of cells that work together to perform a specific function.
eg bone, muscle

29
Q

Organs

A

A collection of tissues that structurally form a functional unit specialized to perform a particular function
eg heart lungs

30
Q

How does oxygen get into the lungs

A

When you breathe in, air containing oxygen enters your windpipe, passes through the bronchi and then reaches the air sacs - diffusion

31
Q

Why is oxygen needed for life processes

A

Helps to breath, organisms grow, reproduce, and turn food into energy.

32
Q

Respiration equation

A

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

33
Q

Gas exchange

A

The biological process through which gases are transferred across cell membranes to either enter or leave the blood. Gas exchange takes place continuously between the blood and cells

34
Q

Importance of respitory system

A

Allow oxygen in the air to be taken into the body, while also letting the body get rid of carbon dioxide in the air breathed out.

35
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

The respiration which occurs in the absence of oxygen to produce the energy
Glucose → lactic acid (+ energy).

36
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars
Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy.

37
Q

Process of breathing

A
  • When you inhale (breathe in), air enters your lungs, and oxygen from that air moves to your blood.
  • At the same time, carbon dioxide, a waste gas, moves from your blood to the lungs and is exhaled (breathed out).
  • This process, called gas exchange, is essential to life.
  • inspiration and expiration
38
Q

Difference between breathing and respiration

A

Respiration is a chemical process that takes place in cells to release energy. Breathing is the physical process where you inhale and exhale air in and out of your lungs.

39
Q

Effects of smoking on the respiratory system

A

Reduced lung function and breathlessness due to swelling and narrowing of the lung airways and excess mucus in the lung passages.
cancer

40
Q

Carcinogenic

A

Having the potential to cause cancer.

41
Q

Addictive

A

A chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use despite adverse consequences

42
Q

Importance of circulatory system

A

Provide oxygen, nutrients and hormones to muscles, tissues and organs throughout your body

43
Q

How does exercise affect heart rate

A

Increase your heart/pulse rate

44
Q

Aretries

A

The blood vessels that bring oxygen-rich blood from your heart to all of your body’s cells.

45
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood to your heart

46
Q

Capillaries

A

Delicate blood vessels that exist throughout your body

47
Q

Importance of blood

A

Transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues.

48
Q

White blood cells

A
  • A type of blood cell that is made in the bone marrow and found in the blood and lymph tissue.
  • White blood cells are part of the body’s immune system.
  • They help the body fight infection and other diseases.
49
Q

Red blood cells

A
  • A type of blood cell that is made in the bone marrow
  • found in the blood.
  • carry oxygen from the lungs and deliver it throughout our body.
50
Q

Plasma

A

The liquid component of your blood that contributes to 55% of your blood’s total volume.

51
Q

Platelets

A

A tiny, disc-shaped piece of cell that is found in the blood and spleen.

yr10 exams (7 decks)

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