biology Flashcards
what is a gamete
The male and female reproductive cells (sperm and ovaries)
how many chromosomes does each gamete contain
23 chromosomes each
why does the offspring look similar to the parents in sexual reproduction
This is because the offspring inherits 23 chromosomes from the mother and the father allowing for features to be the same
what is a genotype
An individual’s collection of genes
What is a phenotype
The characteristics an organism has as a result of their genotype
what is a haploid cell
it is a reproductive cell that has only 23 chromosomes
When fungi and plants reproduce asexually, which process do they use
mitosis
what is a diploid cell
it is when the sperm and egg fertilise and has 46 cells
definition of a prokaryotic cell
In a prokaryotic cell the genetic material (DNA) is not enclosed in the nucleus
definition of a eukaryotic cell
eukaryotic cells contain their genetic material (DNA) enclosed in the nucleus
When bacteria reproduce asexually, which process do they use
Binary fission
main parts of a eukaryotic cell
cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, genetic material(DNA)
main parts of a prokaryotic cell
cell wall, loop of DNA, plasmids, cell membrane, cytoplasm
how many micrometers are there in a meter
1,000,000
how can you tell the order of magnitude
you can do this by counting the number of zeros (e.g 10x = 1 order of magnitude)
what are the different structures in an animal cell
cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus, genetic material(DNA) and ribosomes
are animal cells eukaryote or prokaryote and why
they are eukaryotic because their genetic material(DNA) is enclosed in the nucleus
why can ribosomes not be seen on a light microscope
This is because the ribosomes are too small and you would need an electron microscope to be able to see them
enzymes can also be known as what?
catalysts
what is the main role of an enzyme
to speed up reactions
what is active site
the area in which the substrate binds
