Biology Flashcards
What is the primary function of the digestive system?
To break down food into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body
What is peristalsis?
The involuntary muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract
Where does chemical digestion primarily occur in the digestive system?
In the stomach and small intestine
What is the purpose of saliva in the digestive process?
To begin the breakdown of carbohydrates in the mouth
What is the role of bile in digestion?
To emulsify fats for better absorption
What is the main function of the small intestine in digestion?
To absorb nutrients from the digested food
What is the function of the large intestine in digestion?
To absorb water and electrolytes and form feces
What is the purpose of enzymes in the digestive process?
To speed up chemical reactions that break down food
What is the function of the pancreas in digestion?
To produce digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid
What is the role of the gallbladder in digestion?
To store and concentrate bile produced by the liver
True or False: The esophagus is part of the digestive system.
True
What is the primary function of the liver in digestion?
To produce bile and detoxify harmful substances
What is the name of the wave-like movements that propel food through the digestive tract?
Peristalsis
What are the three main types of nutrients that the body gets from food?
Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
What is the main function of the stomach in digestion?
To break down food with acid and enzymes
Where does most of the absorption of nutrients occur in the digestive system?
In the small intestine
What is the function of the appendix in the digestive system?
Its function is not well understood, but it may play a role in immune function
What is the purpose of mucus in the digestive system?
To protect the lining of the digestive tract and lubricate food
What is the name of the ring of muscle that controls the opening between the esophagus and stomach?
Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
What is the function of the rectum in the digestive system?
To store feces before they are eliminated
What is the main function of the gallbladder in digestion?
To store and release bile to aid in fat digestion
What is the purpose of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
To help break down food and kill bacteria
What is the function of the salivary glands in the digestive process?
To produce saliva that begins the digestion of carbohydrates
What is the main function of the large intestine in digestion?
To absorb water and electrolytes and form feces for elimination
