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Grade 10 Advanced Science > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What is ecology

A

The study of interactions between organisms and the environment

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2
Q

What is an organism

A

An individual living thing

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3
Q

What would you call interactions of the same species living in the same environment at the same time

A

Population

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4
Q

Define a community

A

Interactions of all living organisms that are living in the same area

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5
Q

What is an ecosystem

A

It consists of all living organisms in a community and also the non living factors

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6
Q

What would you call any of the worlds major ecosystem types

A

Biome

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7
Q

What’s a fancy way of saying earth

A

Biosphere

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8
Q

What are two main dynamics of an ecosystem

A

1:Energy flow
2:Chemical cycling

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9
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed but only transformed

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10
Q

What is the second law of thermodynamics

A

Energy conversions are not completely efficient. Some energy is always lost as heat

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11
Q

What is a trophic level

A

A position of organisms that occupies the food chain

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12
Q

Name the four consumers in order

A

1:primary producers(autotrophs)
2:primary consumers(herbivores)
3:secondary consumers(carnivores)
4:territory consumers(carnivores that eat carnivores)

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13
Q

What is something that gets energy at any level

A

Decomposers

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14
Q

How do autotrophs get energy

A

Through the sun or chemical energy

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15
Q

What are some examples of decomposers

A

Bacteria
Mushroom
Mold

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16
Q

What are decomposers that get there energy from eating dead things

A

Detritivores

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17
Q

Give 3 examples of detritivores

A

Snail, millipede, crab

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18
Q

What is primary production

A

The amount of light energy converted to chemical energy by autotrophs

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19
Q

What percent of visual light is converted to chemical energy through photosynthesis

A

1%

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20
Q

What is gross primary production

A

The amount of light energy that is converted to chemical energy my photosynthesis

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21
Q

What is secondary production

A

The amount of chemical energy in consumers food that is converted into their own biomass during a given time interval

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22
Q

True or false most of the primary production is used by the consumers

A

False

23
Q

Where is energy lost

A

The const of living

24
Q

True or false each level only gets 10% of the energy

A

True

25
Q

What three cycles are the most studied and most important for living organisms

A

1:carbon cycle
2Nitrogen cycle
3:Phosphorus cycle

26
Q

Who is Rachel Carson

A

She spread awareness on the chemical DTD and showed how toxic it was to birds

27
Q

What does DTD stand for

A

dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane

28
Q

What is a niche

A

An organisms ecological role (like a job)

29
Q

What is the competitive exclusion principle

A

No two similar species can occupy the same niche at the same time

30
Q

What is the competition between individuals of the different species

A

Interspecific competition

31
Q

What is the competitive exclusion principle

A

Two species can’t occupy the same nice at the same time so it may cause one to go extinct

32
Q

What are the affects of two similar species together

A

One will increase while the other one will decrease

33
Q

What is a measure of how many different species occur in a different area

A

Species richness

34
Q

What is the Simpsons diversity index

A

A measure of diversity that takes into account richness and eveness

35
Q

Greater diversity equals what

A

Greater stability

36
Q

Name three things that greater diversity offers

A

1:More food resources
2:More habitats
3:More resilience in the face of an environmental change

37
Q

What are invasive species

A

Organisms that out compete native species

38
Q

What is primary succession

A

Begins with no soul and a pioneer species comes along and establish themselves as they die they produce the first layer of soil once there is soil the plants that can tolerate direct sunlight start to grow then abiotic factors change and once a community is dominated by a number of spitfire it becomes stable

39
Q

How long does primary succession take

A

100s of years

40
Q

How long does secondary succession take

A

~150 years

41
Q

What is secondary succession

A

Existing community is cleared but there is still base soil. Secondary succession is usually caused by a disturbance

42
Q

What is population dispersion

A

Pattern of spacing among individuals

43
Q

What are three types of patters of dispersions

A

Clumped
Uniform
Random

44
Q

What is exponential growth

A

Characteristic of populations without limiting factors

45
Q

What is logistic growth

A

It occurs when the population size approaches the carrying capacity

46
Q

What is carrying capacity

A

The maximum number of species that can be supported by the environment

47
Q

What happens when a population approaches carrying capacity

A

Environmental resistance

48
Q

What can change population of certain organisms

A

Predator-prey

49
Q

What is type one of a survivorship curve

A

High death rate in post productive years (e.g humans)

50
Q

What is type 2 of survivorship curves

A

Consistent mortality rate throughout life span

51
Q

What is type three of survivorship curves

A

Very high mortality rate at the beginning but the few survivors live long (eg trees)

52
Q

What is K selected

A

Late reproduction fee offspring
Invest lost of energy in raising offspring
(Eg chimpanzee)

53
Q

What is r selected

A

Many offspring
Little parental care

Grade 10 Advanced Science (3 decks)

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