Biology

Question 1

Nervous system

Answer 1

A communications network that controls all other systems in our body, the two part of the nervous system are the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

Question 2

Central nervous system

Answer 2

The central nervous system is made up of your brain and spinal chord, its function is to receive information from all over the body, process that information and then sends out messages telling the body to respond

Question 3

Peripheral nervous system system

Answer 3

The peripheral nervous system are primarily the nerves that carry the messages to and from the central nervous system and other parts of the body

Question 4

Nerve cells

Answer 4

The nervous system is made from trillions of nerve cells called neuron’s. Neuron’s transmit electrical messages all around the body. The three neuron types oare motor neurons connector neurons and sensory neurons

Question 5

Motor neuron

Answer 5

Carry messages from the central nervous system to effectors

Question 6

Effectors

Answer 6

Muscles or glands that translate messages into actions

Question 7

Connector neurons

Answer 7

Transmits messages between neurons in the central nervous system n

Question 8

Sensory neurons

Answer 8

Have specialised receptors which are specialised receptors which are sensitive to stimuli such as heat or light. They carry messages from the central nervous system to cells in sense organs e.g eyes, ears tongue, skin

Question 9

Brain

Answer 9

Contains 100 billion neurons, it controls and regulates body functions and without it you can not survive

Question 10

Cerebellum

Answer 10

A part of the brain which is located where the skull curves inwards. The function is it is responsible for coordination and balance. It also tells you what you hear and organises your memory. Without is walking would be impossible

Question 11

Brain stem/medulla and spinal chord

Answer 11

The lower part of your brain stem or medulla can be seen where the spinal chord widens just after it passes into the skull. It’s function is it controls the body’s vital functions, such as breathing, blood pressure and heart rate. Damage to this area can be fatal.

Question 12

Hypothalamus

Answer 12

The hypothalamus in conjunction with the pituitary gland, links the nervous system and endocrine system. It’s function it to maintain the homeostasis (stable state) of the body

Question 13

Sensory organs

Answer 13

An organ (Tongue, ear, eye, nose,skin) which responds to external stimuli by conveying impulses to the sensory nervous system. The sense organs are recpetors

Question 14

Receptors

Answer 14

Receptors detect changes in the environment (stimuli) and sends messages to the brain.

Question 15

Light receptor

Answer 15

Photoreceptor

Question 16

Temperature receptor

Answer 16

Thermoreceptor

Question 17

Touch receptor

Answer 17

Mechanoreceptor

Question 18

Chemical receptor

Answer 18

Chemoreceptor

Question 19

Stimulus

Answer 19

Any information that your body receives which may cause it to respond

Question 20

Sight

Answer 20

The pupils of the eye change there size to control how much light enters the pupil. Photo receptor cells at the back of the eye transform the light to nerve signals for the brain

Question 21

Taste

Answer 21

Tongues are covered with tastebuds, they contain a special receptor cell reacts to the chemicals in foods. They recognise tastes such as sweet, sour, salty, bitter

Question 22

Hearing

Answer 22

Vibrations from the sounds are transferred along the bones of the middle of the ear and convert into nerve impulses. The brain then interprets the information and tells you what you are hearing

Question 23

Smell

Answer 23

Chemical receptors are found in each of our nostrils, they detect chemicals in the air and then tell the brain

Question 24

Touch

Answer 24

Is felt all over the body due to skin, the bottom layer (dermis) contains nerve endings which can detect temperature and pressure

Question 25

Endocrine system

Answer 25

This system is a messenger system compromising feedback loops of the hormones released by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system, regulating different target organs. It uses hormones which are specific for certain organs. The system can result in permanent change.

Question 26

Hormones

Answer 26

Chemical substances that act as messenger to the body. They are produced by endocrine glands and act on a specific or cells known as target organ and target cells

Question 27

Hypothalamus

Answer 27

The hypothalamus is constantly checking internal environment and it regulates homeostasis.these checks are co ordinated by the nervous system. If there is a problem the hypothalamus secretes hormones that signal the pituitary glands to release hormones

Question 28

Pituitary gland

Answer 28

The pituitary gland (master gland) releases hormones to maintain homeostasis

Question 29

Endocrine glands

Answer 29

Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, parathyroids, pancreas, adrenal glands, thyroid, pineal body, reproductive glands

Question 30

Pineal gland

Answer 30

Is located near the centre of your brain and is a small pine coned shaped gland. This gland produces the hormone melatonin, it is responsible for making you sleepy at night when it is dark and awake during the day when there is light

Question 31

Thyroid gland

Answer 31

a butterfly shaped gland found at the bottom of the throat. It produces m which are essential for your body to be able to grow normally and in the development of your brain and nervous system. It also makes hormones which are important for metabolism

Question 32

Parathyroid Gland

Answer 32

Made up of four tiny masses of tissue that are found behind the thyroid. It is responsible for maintaining calcium levels in your body, such as in bones and in blood

Question 33

Pancreas

Answer 33

A large gland that is found behind the stomach, it is both an exocrine and endocrine gland. It produces hormones through the endocrine part of the gland which make sure you have the right amount of sugar in your bloodstream.

Question 34

Adrenal glands

Answer 34

Are made up of triangular shaped glands which sit on top of each kidney. The function of the adrenal glands is to regulate the body’s metabolism and maintain the balance of salt and water. They also make the hormone adrenaline which is produced in response to stress, fight or attack