Biology

Question 1

Respiratory system

Answer 1

This system takes up oxygen from the air we breathe and expels the unwanted carbon dioxide

Question 2

Nervous System

Answer 2

This system is made up of the brain, spinal cord and nerves. It controls much of what you think and feel and what you body does

Question 3

Endocrine System

Answer 3

This system is a messenger system compromising feedback loops of the hormones released by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system, regulating different target organs

Question 4

Circulatory System

Answer 4

This system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the entire body

Question 5

Excretory System

Answer 5

This system is a passive biological system that removes excess, unnecessary materials from the body fluids of an organism

Question 6

Types of neuron’s

Answer 6

There are three functional types of nerve cells, sensory neuron’s, interneuron’s and motor neuron’s

Question 7

Sensory neuron’s

Answer 7

Sensory neuron’s are nerve cells that detect changes in the environment via receptor and send messages to the brain

Question 8

Interneuron’s/Coordinators

Answer 8

Interneurons are nerve cells that connect sensory neuron’s to motor neuron’s

Question 9

Motor neuron’s

Answer 9

Motor neuron’s are nerve cells that send messages from the brain to muscles or glands that carry out a response

Question 10

Red blood cell

Answer 10

Carries and transports oxygen around the body

Question 11

White blood cell

Answer 11

Protects the body against disease

Question 12

Vena Cava

Answer 12

Is a blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium

Question 13

Pulmonary Artery

Answer 13

A blood vessel which carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

Question 14

Pulmonary Vein

Answer 14

A blood vessel which carries oxygenated blood form the lungs to the left atrium

Question 15

Aorta

Answer 15

A blood vessel which carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body

Question 16

Why do we respire

Answer 16

As the cells in our body require oxygen to survive, without oxygen our body would not be able to produce energy as the oxygen gives our cells the capability to break down our food and create energy

Question 17

Gain from respiring

Answer 17

When we respire we gain carbon dioxide, which is the gas we produce

Question 18

Loss form respiring

Answer 18

When we respire we also loose carbon dioxide as we respire

Question 19

What occurs when we respire

Answer 19

When we respire oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged, they are transported between tissues and lungs

Question 20

Sensory organs

Answer 20

The body has 5 main sense organs which include sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch. They are specialised to receive stimuli from the environment

Question 21

Stimulus

Answer 21

Any information that your body receives which may cause it to respond

Question 22

Sight

Answer 22

The pupils of the eye change there size to control how much light enters the pupil. Photo receptor cells at the back of the eye transform the light to nerve signals for the brain

Question 23

Taste

Answer 23

Tongues are covered with tastebuds, they contain a special receptor cell reacts to the chemicals in foods. They recognise tastes such as sweet, sour, salty, bitter

Question 24

Hearing

Answer 24

Vibrations from the sounds are transferred along the bones of the middle of the ear and convert into nerve impulses. The brain then interprets the information and tells you what you are hearing

Question 25

Smell

Answer 25

Chemical receptors are found in each of our nostrils, they detect chemicals in the air and then tell the brain

Question 26

Touch

Answer 26

Is felt all over the body due to skin, the bottom layer (dermis) contains nerve endings which can detect temperature and pressure

Question 27

Pancreas

Answer 27

An endocrine gland where the endocrine cells are in the islets of langerhans

Question 28

Organ system

Answer 28

Many different organs working together to do a job in the body

Question 29

Enzymes

Answer 29

Proteins that catalyse specific chemical reactions without themselves being altered

Question 30

Features of enzymes

Answer 30

All enzymes are proteins and they all speed up chemical reactions. They are not used up in the reactions and they are all reaction specific. Enzymes are reaction specific and each work under specific conditions e.g pH and temperature. An enzyme works by lowering the energy of reactions, they are thought to work on a lock-key principle. Enzymes often work in systems with co-enzymes and co-factors, they can be denatured by heating

Question 31

Activation energy

Answer 31

Activation energy is the energy needed to start a chemical reaction. Enzymes function by lowering activation energy

Question 32

The lock-key model

Answer 32

The active site on the enzyme attaches to a substrate molecule forming an enzyme substrate complex. The enzyme causes a weakening of chemical bonds resulting in the substance down into two smaller product molecules. The enzyme is unaltered during the reaction and is free to catalyse the breakdown of another substrate molecule

Question 33

Enzymes active site

Answer 33

The active site is the specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate. The specific shape of the active site must be maintained if the protein is to function properly

Question 34

Denaturing enzymes

Answer 34

If the shape of the active site is altered (e.g by heating) or blocked (e.g by a poison) the enzyme will no longer function and is said to be denatured

Question 35

Diffusion

Answer 35

Diffusion is a passive transport process, it does not require energy to occur. It describes the movement of molecules from regions of high concentration to areas of low concentration along a concentration gradient. In biological systems diffusion often occurs across partially permeable membranes