Biology

Question 1

What is a community?

Answer 1

A group of independent living organisms in an environment

Question 2

What is interpendence

Answer 2

The network of relationships between organisms in a community. For example, species rely on one another for food shelter, pollination etc

Question 3

Ecosystem

Answer 3

A community organism’s interacting with the non-living ( abiotic ) factors of their environment

Question 4

What is a biotic factor?

Answer 4

Living elements in an environment e.g. plants, animals, fungi

Question 5

What is an abiotic factor?

Answer 5

Non-living elements if an environment e.g. availability of oxygen, light intensity, mineral contents, moisture levels etc

Question 6

What is a population?

Answer 6

A group of individuals of the same species that live and interact in the same area with each other

Question 7

What three main elements do animals compete for?

Answer 7

Food, territory, mates

Question 8

What are the main elements that plants compete for?

Answer 8

Space ( as in to grow ), nutrients ( derived from the soil ), water, light ( to photosynthesise )

Question 9

What is an adaptation?

Answer 9

A specialised change that allows an organism to survive better in the conditions in which they normally live in

Question 10

What are the three categories of adaptations?

Answer 10

Structural, behavioural and functional

Question 11

What is a structural adaptation?

Answer 11

The adapting of physical characteristics

Question 12

What is a behavioural adaptation?

Answer 12

The change in which an organism behaves, allowing it to survive better in an environment

Question 13

What is a functional adaptation?

Answer 13

Not always visible but a change to better suit an organism for its environment

Question 14

What is biodiversity?

Answer 14

A measure of the number of different species of organisms living in an area.

Question 15

Why is biodiversity important?

Answer 15

Many animals and plants are required for a community to thrive independently.

Question 16

What are the three main human caused impacts on biodiversity?

Answer 16

Deforestation, urbanisation and pollution.

Question 17

What are the negative consequences of deforestation?

Answer 17

Habitat loss, species endangerment and co2 emissions

Question 18

What are the negative consequences of urbanisation?

Answer 18

Habitat loss

Question 19

What are the negative consequences of pollution?

Answer 19

Negative climate influence, plant and animal endangerment.

Question 20

What are a few ways to protect biodiversity?

Answer 20

Breeding programs, habitat restoration.

Question 21

On a larger scale what are the negative consequences linked to deforestation?

Answer 21

Habitat loss/ reduction, land occupation, species endangerment, more co2 emissions into the atmosphere which increases progress toward global warming.cattle emissions ( methane )

Question 22

On a larger scale what are the positive consequences of deforestation?

Answer 22

More natural resources including food and materials, more expansive land which can be used for crops or cattle to feed a growing population.

Question 23

How have we damaged the environment?

Answer 23

Mass production of single use plastics

Question 24

How is waste usually managed and what are the consequences?

Answer 24

Land fill - green house gases, damage to habitats
Combustion - co2 emissions

Question 25

Name some uses for land that we use today

Answer 25

Mining, deforestation, building, landfill, housing, cattle and crops

Question 26

What is the overall trend that all of these land occupations follow

Answer 26

They all mostly threaten habitats

Question 27

What is the name for an organism that cycles materials

Answer 27

Decomposers

Question 28

What are some example organisms that are decomposers?

Answer 28

Fungi and bacteria

Question 29

What is the role of the nucleus?

Answer 29

Holds DNA ( genetic information for creating new cells) and controls general activity.

Question 30

What is the role of the cytoplasm?

Answer 30

The liquid where most chemical reactions happen.

Question 31

What is the role of the cell membrane?

Answer 31

Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 32

What is the role of the cell wall?

Answer 32

Provides strength and support for the cell.

Question 33

What is the role of the permanent vacuole?

Answer 33

Shapes and strengthens the cell, contains cell sap.

Question 34

What is the role of the chloroplast?

Answer 34

Absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis, contains chlorophyll.

Question 35

What is the role of the ribosomes?

Answer 35

Where protein synthesis takes place.

Question 36

What is the role of the mitochondria?

Answer 36

The power house of the cell, where most energy is releases during aerobic respiration.

Question 37

What are features of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 37

They contain a nucleus, their organelles are contained inside membranes and can be unicellular or multicellular.

Question 38

What are features of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 38

They don’t contain a nucleus, their organelles aren’t contained inside any sort of membranes and are only unicellular organisms.

Question 39

What is an example of a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 39

A plant animal or fungal cell

Question 40

What is an example of a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 40

A bacterial cell

Question 41

What organelles do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

Answer 41

A cell wall, a permanent vacuole and chloroplasts

Question 42

What are stem cells?

Answer 42

Stem cells are undifferentiated ( meaning without current purpose ) with the potential to differentiate into specialised cells.

Question 43

Plants also contain stem cells found in their _________ ( tissue )

Answer 43

Meristems

Question 44

Why are plant stem cells so important?

Answer 44

They are a crucial aspect to our understanding as they allow us to clone pre-existing endangered species reliably, effectively and safely

Question 45

What are regions of undifferentiated cells called? CLUE : they are a **tissue** consisting of many stem cells

Answer 45

Meristems

Question 46

What are regions of undifferentiated cells called? CLUE : they are a **tissue** consisting of many stem cells

Answer 46

Meristems

Question 47

What is the formula for magnification?

Answer 47

Size of image = magnification * size of Real object

Question 48

What are light microscopes used for?

Answer 48

They are used for studying living organisms

Question 49

How do light microscopes work?

Answer 49

They produce images using lenses and a beam of light to focus on the given specimen.

Question 50

What are common aspects of light microscopes?

Answer 50

Small, cheap, and much lower quality and resolution compared to the electron microscope

Question 51

Why aren’t electron microscopes used for analysing living specimens?

Answer 51

They must be sealed in a vacuum before analysation

Question 52

How does the electron microscope function?

Answer 52

By using a beam of electrons to create, focus and illuminate the given specimen.

Question 53

How are minerals and water absorbed through the roots of the plant?

Answer 53

They are absorbed via a semi -permeable membrane where proteins carry out active transport in order to absorb what’s needed into the plant

Question 54

What is active transport?

Answer 54

The movement of particles across a semi permeable membrane against a concentration gradient. This uses energy.

Question 55

How are substances moved around the plant?

Answer 55

They are moved with the assistance of the xylem and phloem

Question 56

What is the role of the phloem

Answer 56

This cell is responsible for the movement of the results during photosynthesis. E.g. carbohydrates, glucose etc

Question 57

What is the name ole of the xylem

Answer 57

This cell is responsible for the movement of water throughout the plant

Question 58

What is a detailed definition of diffusion?

Answer 58

The spreading out of particles in a substance, hence the net movement between a concentrated to dilute solution. The random movement of particles causes connections which adulterates the mixture

Question 59

What is a solution?

Answer 59

The mixture of the solute dissolved in the solvent

Question 60

What is osmosis

Answer 60

The diffusion of water molecules from a concentrated solution to a dilute solution across a partially permeable membrane

Question 61

What does osmosis usually result in

Answer 61

Neutrality