Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3rd Year Summer Exams > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a community?

A

A group of independent living organisms in an environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is interpendence

A

The network of relationships between organisms in a community. For example, species rely on one another for food shelter, pollination etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ecosystem

A

A community organism’s interacting with the non-living ( abiotic ) factors of their environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a biotic factor?

A

Living elements in an environment e.g. plants, animals, fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an abiotic factor?

A

Non-living elements if an environment e.g. availability of oxygen, light intensity, mineral contents, moisture levels etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a population?

A

A group of individuals of the same species that live and interact in the same area with each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What three main elements do animals compete for?

A

Food, territory, mates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the main elements that plants compete for?

A

Space ( as in to grow ), nutrients ( derived from the soil ), water, light ( to photosynthesise )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an adaptation?

A

A specialised change that allows an organism to survive better in the conditions in which they normally live in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the three categories of adaptations?

A

Structural, behavioural and functional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a structural adaptation?

A

The adapting of physical characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a behavioural adaptation?

A

The change in which an organism behaves, allowing it to survive better in an environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a functional adaptation?

A

Not always visible but a change to better suit an organism for its environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

A measure of the number of different species of organisms living in an area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is biodiversity important?

A

Many animals and plants are required for a community to thrive independently.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the three main human caused impacts on biodiversity?

A

Deforestation, urbanisation and pollution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the negative consequences of deforestation?

A

Habitat loss, species endangerment and co2 emissions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the negative consequences of urbanisation?

A

Habitat loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the negative consequences of pollution?

A

Negative climate influence, plant and animal endangerment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are a few ways to protect biodiversity?

A

Breeding programs, habitat restoration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

On a larger scale what are the negative consequences linked to deforestation?

A

Habitat loss/ reduction, land occupation, species endangerment, more co2 emissions into the atmosphere which increases progress toward global warming.cattle emissions ( methane )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

On a larger scale what are the positive consequences of deforestation?

A

More natural resources including food and materials, more expansive land which can be used for crops or cattle to feed a growing population.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How have we damaged the environment?

A

Mass production of single use plastics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How is waste usually managed and what are the consequences?

A

Land fill - green house gases, damage to habitats
Combustion - co2 emissions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Name some uses for land that we use today

A

Mining, deforestation, building, landfill, housing, cattle and crops

26
Q

What is the overall trend that all of these land occupations follow

A

They all mostly threaten habitats

27
Q

What is the name for an organism that cycles materials

A

Decomposers

28
Q

What are some example organisms that are decomposers?

A

Fungi and bacteria

29
Q

What is the role of the nucleus?

A

Holds DNA ( genetic information for creating new cells) and controls general activity.

30
Q

What is the role of the cytoplasm?

A

The liquid where most chemical reactions happen.

31
Q

What is the role of the cell membrane?

A

Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

32
Q

What is the role of the cell wall?

A

Provides strength and support for the cell.

33
Q

What is the role of the permanent vacuole?

A

Shapes and strengthens the cell, contains cell sap.

34
Q

What is the role of the chloroplast?

A

Absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis, contains chlorophyll.

35
Q

What is the role of the ribosomes?

A

Where protein synthesis takes place.

36
Q

What is the role of the mitochondria?

A

The power house of the cell, where most energy is releases during aerobic respiration.

37
Q

What are features of eukaryotic cells?

A

They contain a nucleus, their organelles are contained inside membranes and can be unicellular or multicellular.

38
Q

What are features of prokaryotic cells?

A

They don’t contain a nucleus, their organelles aren’t contained inside any sort of membranes and are only unicellular organisms.

39
Q

What is an example of a eukaryotic cell?

A

A plant animal or fungal cell

40
Q

What is an example of a prokaryotic cell?

A

A bacterial cell

41
Q

What organelles do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

A

A cell wall, a permanent vacuole and chloroplasts

42
Q

What are stem cells?

A

Stem cells are undifferentiated ( meaning without current purpose ) with the potential to differentiate into specialised cells.

43
Q

Plants also contain stem cells found in their _________ ( tissue )

A

Meristems

44
Q

Why are plant stem cells so important?

A

They are a crucial aspect to our understanding as they allow us to clone pre-existing endangered species reliably, effectively and safely

45
Q

What are regions of undifferentiated cells called?

CLUE : they are a tissue consisting of many stem cells

A

Meristems

46
Q

What are regions of undifferentiated cells called?

CLUE : they are a tissue consisting of many stem cells

A

Meristems

47
Q

What is the formula for magnification?

A

Size of image = magnification * size of
Real object

48
Q

What are light microscopes used for?

A

They are used for studying living organisms

49
Q

How do light microscopes work?

A

They produce images using lenses and a beam of light to focus on the given specimen.

50
Q

What are common aspects of light microscopes?

A

Small, cheap, and much lower quality and resolution compared to the electron microscope

51
Q

Why aren’t electron microscopes used for analysing living specimens?

A

They must be sealed in a vacuum before analysation

52
Q

How does the electron microscope function?

A

By using a beam of electrons to create, focus and illuminate the given specimen.

53
Q

How are minerals and water absorbed through the roots of the plant?

A

They are absorbed via a semi -permeable membrane where proteins carry out active transport in order to absorb what’s needed into the plant

54
Q

What is active transport?

A

The movement of particles across a semi permeable membrane against a concentration gradient. This uses energy.

55
Q

How are substances moved around the plant?

A

They are moved with the assistance of the xylem and phloem

56
Q

What is the role of the phloem

A

This cell is responsible for the movement of the results during photosynthesis. E.g. carbohydrates, glucose etc

57
Q

What is the name ole of the xylem

A

This cell is responsible for the movement of water throughout the plant

58
Q

What is a detailed definition of diffusion?

A

The spreading out of particles in a substance, hence the net movement between a concentrated to dilute solution. The random movement of particles causes connections which adulterates the mixture

59
Q

What is a solution?

A

The mixture of the solute dissolved in the solvent

60
Q

What is osmosis

A

The diffusion of water molecules from a concentrated solution to a dilute solution across a partially permeable membrane

61
Q

What does osmosis usually result in

A

Neutrality

3rd Year Summer Exams (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions