Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Science > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus whereas prokaryotic do not.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Are prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells smaller?

A

Prokaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are examples of a specialized animal cell?

A

Sperm, nerve and muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the sperm cell’s job

A

Join with ovum during fertilisation to combine genetic material.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is the sperm cell specialised

A

Long tail allows them to swim to ovum
Mitochondria creates enough energy to swim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the job of nerve cell

A

Send electrical impulses around the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is the nerve cell specialised

A

Axon carries impulses around the body
Myelin sppeds up transmission of nerve impulses
Synapses allow impulses to pass from one nerve cell to another
Dendrites increase surface area so nerve cells connect easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the muscle cells job

A

To contract
To form muscle tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is the muscle cell specialised

A

Protein fibres mean it can change length
Mitochondria provides energy for muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give examples of specialised plant cells

A

Root hair, xylem, and phloem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the job of the root hair cell?

A

increases surface area of root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How has the root hair cell been specialised?

A

Does not contain chloroplasts as they cannot absorb light underground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is the xylem cell found?

A

Stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Job of xylem cell?

A

Form long tubes that carry water and dissolved minerals from root to leaf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How has the xylem cell been specilaised?

A

Lignin provides support to plant and causes cells to die
No internal structure so water and dissolved minerals can flow easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the job of phloem cells?

A

Carries dissolved sugars up and down the plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How has the phloem cell been specialised?

A

Mitochondria in companion cell provides energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How many stages of mitosis are there?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where do we find chromosomes?

A

in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many chromosomes do human bodies contain?

A

23 pairs (46)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the cell cycle

A

when cells divide by mitosis or miosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe the 3 stages of mitosis
(write on whiteboard)

A

1st stage) Interphase. DNA replicates to form two copies of each chromosome. Cells grow and copy internal structure.
2nd stage) mitosis. One set of each chromosome is pulled to each end of cell. The nucleus divides.
3rd stage) Cytokinesis. Cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form two identical cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why does mitosis happen + give an example

A

for growth and repair + when a broken bone heals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When does mitosis take place

A

during asexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is a stem cell?
An undifferentiated cell which can be differentiated to form other types of cells
26
Where are stem cells found?
bone marrow
27
What is bone marrow transplant used for?
leukemia
28
What is the problem with bone marrow transplant?
donor has to be compatible with patient virus could be spread from donor to patient
29
What is therapeutic cloning used for?
diabetes or paralaysis
30
What is the problem with therapeutic cloning?
Some people may have ethical or legal objections
31
What are stem cells in plants used for
To clone a rare plant to stop extinction or mass cloning for farmers
32
Diffusion =
spreading out of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
33
Do oxygen molecules move into or out of a cell by diffusion?
into cell
34
Do carbon dioxide molecules move into or out of a cell by diffusion?
out of cell
35
Does urea diffuse into or out of the cell by diffusion?
Out of the cell into the blood plasma
36
Does a larger concentration gradient have quicker or slower diffusion?
quicker
37
Does a higher temperature have a quicker or slower diffusion?
quicker
38
Does a larger surface area have a quicker or slower diffusion?
quicker
39
Osmosis =
diffusion of water from a higher concentration to a lower concentration through a partially permeable membrane
40
What is the name for when a cell becomes swollen?
turgid
41
What is the name for when a cell shrinks?
flaccid
42
Active transport =
movement against a concentration gradient from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution
43
Organise animals from smallest to largest
DNA, nucleus, Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
44
Organelles =
made up of nucleus, ribosomes and mitochondria
45
Cells =
unit of a living organism
46
Tissues =
group of SIMILAR cells that work together to perform a particular function
47
Organ =
group of DIFFERENT tissues that work together to perform a particular function
48
Organ system =
group of organs that work together to perform a particular function
49
Organism =
an individual plant or animal
50
Where are the products of digestion absorbed into?
bloodstream in small intestine
51
What is the human small intestine covered in?
microvilli
52
Do the small intestine have a thick or thin membrane?
thin
53
What happens to molecules in the small intestine that cannot be absorbed by diffusion?
absorbed by active transport
54
What are the three types of large molecules that humans digest?
starch, proteins and lipids (fats)
55
State the enzyme, small molecule, and digestion route for starch/ carbohydrate
Amylase Maltose/ simple sugars Mouth, pancreas, small intestine
56
State the enzyme, small molecule, and digestion route for proteins
Protease Amino acids Stomach, pancreas, small intestine
57
State the enzyme, small molecule, and digestion route for lipids
Lipase Glycerol and fatty acids Pancreas, small intestine
58
Where is bile produced, stored, and released?
produced in liver stored in the gall bladder released in the small intestine
59
What is the job of bile?
speed up digestion of lipids
60
What is the problem with single circulatory system?
blood travels to organs slowly so it cant deliver a lot of oxygen
61
What is good about a double circulatory system?
blood passes through the heart twice so it can travel to body cells quickly and deliver the oxygen that they need
62
What type of circulatory system do humans have?
double
63
What is the heart mostly made up of?
muscle tissue
64
What is the job of the heart
to pump blood around the body
65
Where are the coronary arteries?
branching out from the aorta and goes around heart
66
Where is the pacemaker found?
right atrium
67
What does the pacemaker do?
controls the natural resting heart rate
68
What happens if your pacemaker stops working?
doctors can implant an artificial one
69
What does the circulatory system do?
carries food and oxygen to the cells in the body and carries waste products to where it can be removed
70
What is the circulatory system made up of?
heart, blood vessels and blood
71
What is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood?
pulmonary artery
72
What are the main components of blood vessels?
arteries, veins, and capillaries
73
Describe the structure of arteries
thick muscular walls
74
In which direction and at what pressure do arteries carry blood?
very high pressure from the heart to other organs in the body
75
Describe the structure of the veins
thin walls and valves
76
In which direction and at what pressure do veins carry blood?
low pressure to heart
77
What is the purpose of valves
to stop blood flowing backward in veins
78
Describe the structure of capillaries
It has a nucleus thin walls only 1 cell thick smallest part of blood vessels
79
Describe the movement of substances in the capillaries
Glucose and oxygen diffuse from the blood to the cells Carbon dioxide diffuses from the cells back to the blood
80
What are the main components of blood?
red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma
81
Describe the structure and purpose of red blood cells
A biconcave disc that has no nucleus. Haemoglobin gives it a red colour. Carries oxygen from lungs to the body
82
Describe the structure and purpose of white blood cells
Has a nucleus. Defends infection by eating pathogens.
83
Describe the structure and purpose of platelets
No nucleus Helps blood clot at wound
84
Describe the structure and purpose of plasma.
No nucleus. The liquid that carries everything
85
What is a stent used for?
If coronary arteries get blocked by fatty material then a stent can be put in to keep it open.
86
What are statins used for?
Reduces cholesterol levels
87
What are lungs protected by?
ribcage
88
What happens to the air you breathe?
goes through trachea and splits into two tubes - bronchi and bronchioles
89
What do lungs contain?
millions of air sacks called alveoli
90
Describe aerobic respiration and where it takes place
with oxygen mitochondria
91
Describe anaerobic respiration and where it takes place
without oxygen cytoplasm
92
What is a hypotonic solution?
lower concentration so water will enter the cell (hypothermia)
93
What is an isotonic solution
same concentration in and out of the cell so no net movement
94
What is a hypertonic solution?
higher concentration so water will leave the cell (hyper = high)
95
Good health =
a state of physical and mental wellbeing
96
Pathogen =
a microorganism that causes disease
97
What are the four main types of pathogens?
virus bacteria fungi protists
98
What are the different types of stem cells?
Adult stem cells Embryonic stem cells Plant meristem cells
99
What are advantages of using plant meristems?
Rare species can be cloned and plants with special features can be cloned
100
Independent variable =
thing you change each time
101
Dependent variable =
thing you measure
102
Control variable
Thing you keep the same
103
What factors affect the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction?
pH and temperature
104
What do you use to test for starch and what is the positive result?
Iodine Blue/black
105
What do you use to test for protein and what is the positive result?
Biuret Purple
106
What do you use to test for fat and what is the positive result?
Emulsion Cloudy
107
What do you use to test for sugar and what is the positive result?
Benedicts Red

Science (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions