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TN prep > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

diffusion

A

the passive movement of molecules or particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

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2
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion of water across the plasma membrane from areas of high concentration to low concentration

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3
Q

active transport

A

substances move against a concentration gradient. going from lower to higher concentrations

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4
Q

virus living or non living

A

non living; do not have cells

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5
Q

-lysis

A

To split or break apart

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6
Q

synthesis

A

To make something

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7
Q

polymer

A

Many monomers linked together

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8
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

A process where monomers link together to form polymers

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9
Q

hydrolysis

A

A process that breaks polymers

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10
Q

monomer

A

Building block or single unit of polymer

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11
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

a type of diffusion in which the molecules move from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration using protein pump

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12
Q

Nucleolus

A

site where chromosomes are made

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13
Q

Smooth ER

A

produce lipids

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14
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

packing proteins for transport

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15
Q

Vacuole

A

stores material within cell

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16
Q

Chloroplast

A

what makes plants green

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17
Q

Mitochondrion

A

makes usable energy for the cell

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18
Q

Cell Wall

A

protective structure that gives the cell is shape in plants

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19
Q

Ribosomes

A

site of protein synthesis

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20
Q

Vesicles

A

transport within the cell

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21
Q

Cytoplasm

A

jelly like substance

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22
Q

Lysosome/Peroxisome

A

digests worn out cell parts or food particals

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23
Q

Nucleus

A

controlls the cell function

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24
Q

Microtubules/Microfilaments

A

hollow tubes that provide support for the cell

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25
Q

Cell Membrane

A

membrane surrounding the cell

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26
Q

prokaryotic

A

cell that does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles

27
Q

eukaryotic

A

cell that does have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles

28
Q

stages of cellular respiration in order

A

glycosis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain

29
Q

One parent body cell contains 46 chromosomes. At the end of mitosis, each of the two new daughter cells will have

A

46

30
Q

Calvin cycle/ light Independant / dark cycle

A

chemical reactions in photosynthesis NOT requiring the presence of light and involving the reduction of carbon dioxide to form carbohydrate

31
Q

light dependent

A

happen in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplasts and occur in the presence of sunlight. The sunlight is converted to chemical energy. The chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and is responsible for photosynthesis.

32
Q

G1

A

he period in the cell cycle from the end of cell division to the beginning of DNA replication

33
Q

G2

A

the period in the cell cycle from the completion of DNA replication to the beginning of cell division

34
Q

mitosis

A

The process by which a single parent cell divides to make two new daughter cells

35
Q

Cytokinesis

A

the process by which one cell physically divides into two cells

36
Q

aerobic

A

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates

37
Q

anaerobic

A

this type of cellular respiration does not use oxygen to produce energy

38
Q

mitosis phases in order

A
  1. prophase
  2. metaphase
  3. anaphase
  4. telophase
39
Q

stroma

A

The cells and tissues that support and give structure to organs, glands, or other tissues in the body

40
Q

granum

A

stack of thylakoids

41
Q

thylakoids

A

interconnected disc-like sacs of the internal membrane system of the chloroplast

42
Q

cellular respiration formula

A

C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 –> 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + ATP or glucose + oxygen — carbon dioxide + water + energy

43
Q

photosynthesis formula

A

6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2 or carbon dioxide + water —- glucose + oxygen

44
Q

How many phosphate molecules are present in ATP?

A

3

45
Q

CHO 1:2:1

A

carbohydrates

46
Q

CHO 1:2

A

lipids

47
Q

CHON

A

proteins

48
Q

CHONP

A

nucleic acids

49
Q

phospholipid

A

a lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule

50
Q

selective permeability

A

Property of the cell membrane allowing some materials to pass through while keeping others out

51
Q

krebs cycle

A
  • takes place in mitochondria
    -produces carbon dioxide and 2 ATP
    -changes NAD to NADH
52
Q

electron transport chain

A

-inner membrane of mitochondria
-makes water and oxygen
-aerobic
-34 ATP

53
Q

glycosis

A

the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid

54
Q

enzyme catalyst

A

an enzyme that brings about (catalyzes) the reaction by which hydrogen peroxide is decomposed to water and oxygen.

55
Q

tRNA

A

carries amino acids to ribosomes

56
Q

mRNA

A

messanger rna. DNA copy or message that makes protein

57
Q

rRNA

A

structural component of ribosomes.

58
Q

helicase

A

he enzyme that separates/unwinds DNA during replication

59
Q

DNA polymerase

A

the enzyme that adds DNA nucleotides during DNA replication.

60
Q

purine

A

two rings

61
Q

pyrimidine

A

one ring

62
Q

protein synthesis sequence

A
  1. transcription
  2. translation
63
Q

cladogram

A

a diagram that shows relationships between species.

64
Q

convergent evolution

A

when two unrelated species adapt similar traits

TN prep (7 decks)

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