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Science Year 10 > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define ‘genes’

A

A trait in a living organism.

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2
Q

Define ‘allele’

A

Versions of a gene.

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3
Q

Define ‘chromosome’

A

A structure that contains the genetic information in forms of genes.

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4
Q

Dominant vs Recessive

A

Dominant is the gene that is the strongest. Recessive is the weakest gene that usually doesn’t show up unless the geneotype is homozygous recessive.

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5
Q

Homozygous vs Heterozygous

A

Homozygous means two of the same genes. Heterozygous means two different genes.

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6
Q

Genotype vs Phenotype

A

Genotype is the genetic make-up of an organism, e.g ‘Bb’. Phenotype is the physical characteristics e.g ‘Blue eyes’.

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7
Q

What type of cell division is Mitosis?

A

Skin cell repairing/replacing.

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8
Q

What type of cell division is Meiosis?

A

Sex cell division.

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9
Q

How many chromosomes are in Meiosis?

A

23.

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10
Q

How many chromosomes are in Mitosis?

A

46.

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11
Q

What is the purpose of Meiosis?

A

Gamete production.

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12
Q

What is the purpose of Mitosis?

A

Cell repairing/replacing.

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13
Q

Which cell division has unique cells?

A

Meiosis.

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14
Q

Which cell division has identical cells?

A

Mitosis.

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15
Q

Define ‘haploid’

A

A single set of chromosomes in a cell, half from each parent.

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16
Q

Define ‘diploid’

A

2 sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

17
Q

Define ‘discontinuous variation’

A

When there is a limited number of possible variations, e.g eye colour.

18
Q

Define ‘continuous variation’

A

When the variations there is not a limited amount of possible variations, e.g height.

19
Q

Define ‘zygote’

A

The fertilised egg & combined sperm before it becomes a foetus.

20
Q

Define ‘gamete’

A

The male or female sex cell, e.g egg or sperm.

21
Q

Define ‘gametic mutation’

A

A change in either the gene/genotype or the DNA sequence

22
Q

Define ‘shuffling/crossover’

A

Happens only in meiosis, combinations of alleles which creates the unique offspring.

Science Year 10 (3 decks)

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