Biology 1.2 Flashcards
In which cells are extracted from the pelvic bones of a donor and infused into the body of a recipient.
Bone marrow transplantation
- Blood-forming cells in the bone marrow.
- Discovered by Earnest McCulloch and James till
- Responsible for replacing millions of red and white blood cells that age and die every minute in our bodies.
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC)
Production of more cells like themselves
Capable of renewal
Differentiating into two or more mature cell types
Multipotent
are thought to divide and differentiate as needed for the repair of injured muscle tissue
Satellite cells
Where the cells are taken from the same patient in which they are used.
Autologous treatment
- Can be obtained from bone marrow
- Do not produce blood cells but rather a variety of other cell types found in various tissues and organs.
- Can also be obtained from fat tissue collected during liposuction.
Mesenchymal stem cell
- An MSC based therapy that became the first FDA- approved stem cell therapy.
- Used to treat crohn’s disease and immune reactions in patients who receive bone marrow transplants.
Prochymal
Type of cell isolated from very young mammalian embryos.
Embryonic stem cells
are capable of differentiating into every type of cell in the body
Pluripotent
Potential procedure for obtaining differentiated cells for use in cell replacement theory:
- Remove somatic cells
- Fuse somatic cells with enucleated oocyt.
- Allow to develop to blastocytes
- Grow ES cells in culture.
- Induce ES cell to differentiate.
- Transplant required differentiated cell back into the patient.
Trial utilized cells that produce the myelin sheaths which become wrapped around in nerve cells.
Oligodendrocytes
a key cell type within the retina, in an attempt to cure different forms of retinal degeneration.
Retinal pigmented epithelial cells
A type of benign tumor which may contain a bizarre mass of various differentiated tissues, including hair and teeth.
Teratoma
A roundabout procedure that begins with an unfertilized cell
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)
A cell obtained from the ovaries of an unrelated woman donor
Unfertilized cell
Where he had succeeded in reprogramming a fully differentiated mouse cell- in this case, a type of connective tissue fibroblast-into a pluripotent stem cell
Shinya yamaka and his co-workers
- Four key proteins that are characteristics of ES cells.
- Known collectively as OSKM are thought to play a key role in maintaining the cells in an undifferentiated state and allowing them to continue to self-renew
Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and Myc
new type of cells that were indeed pluripotent by injecting them into a mouse.
Induced pluripotent stem cells
Steps taken to generate induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells for use in correcting the inherited disease sickle cell anemia.
- Mouse with sickle cell anemia
- collect skin cells
- Reprogram into ES like iPS cells.
- Genetically identical mutant iPS cells
- Correct sickle cell mutation
- DNA with normal gene/ DNA with mutant gene (yellow)
- Genetically corrected iPS cells.
- Differentiate into blood stem cells
- Transplant
iPS cells derived from patients with a heart disorder called _______ differentiate into cardiac muscle cells that exhibit irregular contractions (beats) in culture
QT syndrome
A drug that was used to treat heartburn
Cisapride
One type of differentiated cell had been converted directly into another type of differentiated cell.
Transdifferentiation
Cell and molecular biologists have focused considerable research activities on a small number of representative
Model organism
