bio chapter 2

Question 1

Consider acetic acid—the distinctive ingredient of vinegar—which can undergo the following reaction

Answer 1

dissociation

Question 2

A molecule that is capable of releasing (donating) a hydrogen ion

Answer 2

acid

Question 3

What do you call this chemical formula OH−

Answer 3

Hydroxyl ion

Question 4

What do you call this chemical formula —NH2

Answer 4

Amino group

Question 5

Any molecule that is capable of accepting a proton

Answer 5

Base

Question 6

The term when the acid loses a proton it becomes a base

Answer 6

conjugate base of the acid

Question 7

The term when a base accepts a proton, it forms an acid

Answer 7

conjugate acid of that base.

Question 8

Example of an amphoteric molecule

Answer 8

Water

Question 9

One that can serve as both an acid and a base

Answer 9

Amphoteric molecule

Question 10

What do you call this chemical formula CH3COOH

Answer 10

Acetic acid

Question 11

Compounds that react with free hydrogen or hydroxyl ions, thereby resisting changes in pH

Answer 11

Buffers

Question 12

The bulk of an organism

Answer 12

Water

Question 13

This means a chemical with a structure based on carbon-carbon bonds, whether or not the chemical ever occurs inside living organisms.

Answer 13

Organic

Question 14

The simplest group of organic molecules

Answer 14

Hydrocarbons

Question 15

These are the two most common linkages between functional groups

Answer 15

Ester bonds and amide bonds

Question 16

which form between carboxylic acids and alcohols

Answer 16

ester bonds

Question 17

which form between carboxylic acids and amines

Answer 17

amide bonds

Question 18

The compounds formed along the pathways leading to the end products might have no function per se

Answer 18

metabolic intermediates.

Question 19

The molecules that form the structure and carry out the activities of cells are huge, highly organized molecules

Answer 19

Macromolecules

Question 20

Four major categories of Macromolecules:

Answer 20

proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and certain lipids

Question 21

composed of a large number of low-molecular-weight building blocks

Answer 21

polymers

Question 22

a molecule of any of a class of compounds, mostly organic, that can react with other molecules to form very large molecules, or polymers

Answer 22

monomers

Question 23

the process to create polymers

Answer 23

polymerization

Question 24

It is the splitting of a bond by water

Answer 24

Hydrolysis