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PRELIM > BIOLOGY > Flashcards

BIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

most complex prokaryotes

A

cyanobacteria

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2
Q

survival of the fittest

A

adaptability

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3
Q

bacteria found in environment

A

e.coli

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4
Q

rearrangement of DNA sequences by the breakage and rejoining of chromosomes

A

Genetic recombination

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5
Q

produces the polypeptide hormone insulin

A

insulin gene

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6
Q

the ability of DNA polymerase to synthesize new strand of DNA

A

PCR or polymerase chain reaction

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7
Q

bacteria typically live in animal and human intestines and are shed through stool (feces)

A

salmonella

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8
Q

species that live in inhospitable environment

A

extremophiles

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9
Q

archaea includes:

A

methanogens
halophiles
acidophiles
thermophiles
psychrophile

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10
Q

lives in the hydrothermal vents of the ocean floor

A

hyperthermophiles

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11
Q

smallest known cells

A

mycoplasma

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12
Q

process by which nitrogen are taken from its molecular

A

nitrogen fixation

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13
Q

a complex cilliated protist

A

vorticella

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14
Q

specialized cells are formed by this process

A

differentiation

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15
Q

two units of linear measure are most commonly used to describe structures within a cell

A

micrometer and nanometer

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16
Q

cells are collections of nanomachines has inspired a research field

A

synthetic biology

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17
Q

certain disease were caused by pathogens that were even smaller

A

viruses

18
Q

pairs if electrons are shared between pairs of atoms

A

covalent bonds

19
Q

an asymmetric distribution of charge or dipole

A

polar

20
Q

molecules that consist entirely of carbon and hydrogen of atoms

A

non polar

21
Q

a negatively charged ion

A

anion

22
Q

a positively charged ion

A

cation

23
Q

a different arrangement of electrons within an atom can produce a highly reactive species

A

free radical

24
Q

acitic acid

A

vinegar

25
Q

bite of the ants

A

formic acid

26
Q

do not depend on shared electrons but rather on attractive forces between atoms

A

non covalent bonds

27
Q

an attraction between fully charged components

A

ionic bond

28
Q

positively charged nucleus of the hydrogen atom
can approach near enough to an unshared pair of outer electrons of a second electronegative
atom to form an attractive interaction

A

hydrogen bonds

29
Q

water loving

A

hydrophilic

30
Q

water fearing

A

hydrophobic

31
Q

association of non polar molecules

A

hydrophobic interaction

32
Q

default bond

A

van der waals

33
Q

what you get when you put water and hydrogen ions together, forming H3O+.

A

hydronium

34
Q

chemistry of life

A

carbon

35
Q

compounds produced by living organisms

A

biochemicals

36
Q

The Life-Supporting Properties of Water

A
  1. water is a highly asymmetric molecule with the O atom at one end and the two H atoms
    at the opposite end.
  2. Each of the two covalent bonds in the molecule is highly polarized.
  3. All three atoms in a water molecule are adept at forming hydrogen bonds.
37
Q

cells theory

A
  • All organisms are composed of one or more cells
  • The cell is the structural unit of life
  • Cells can arise only by division from a preexisting cell
  • Cells contain a genetic information and that information is passed from parent to daughter cell
38
Q

9 fundamental properties of cells

A
  • Cells are highly complex and organized
  • Cells possess genetic program and the means to use it
  • Cells are capable of producing more of themselves
  • Cells carry out variety of chemical reactions
  • Cells engage in Mechanical activities
  • Cells acquire and utilize energy
  • Cells are capable of self regulation
  • Cells evolve
  • Cells are able to respond to stimuli
39
Q

3 domains

A

Archaea
Eukarya
Bacteria

40
Q

phases of mitosis

A

prophase
anaphase
metaphase
telophase

41
Q

classification of biological molecules

A
  • Macromolecules
  • The building blocks of micromolecules
  • Metabolic Intermediates
  • Molecules of miscellaneous function

PRELIM (4 decks)

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