Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ALPHA > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What cells are ubiquitous plasmodesmata, making the entire organism a giant communication network?

A

PLANT CELLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the name of cell-to-cell connections in animal cells?

A

GAP JUNCTIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A cell targeting itself

A

Autocrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A cell targets a cell connected by gap junctions

A

singling across gap junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A cell targets a nearby cell

A

paracrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A cell targets a distant cell through the bloodstream

A

Endocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the name of the signaling molecules used in endocrine signaling?

A

Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How fast is endocrine signaling?

A

Relatively slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the name of cell-to-cell connections in plant cells?

A

plasmodesmata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Signals that act locally between cells that are close together are called _____
signals.

A

paracrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which intracellular signaling molecule is used to activate protein kinase A (PKA)?

A

cAMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which of the following activates ERK?

A

EGF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Programmed cell death, or ______, removes damaged or unnecessary cells and plays a vital role in development, including morphogenesis of fingers and toes.

A

apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which receptors typically play an important role in cell division?

A

Receptor tyrosine kinases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Change in the internal __________ is detected by receptors. These cells are stimulated when the level is too high or too low.

A

environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which of these are NOT a benefit of multiple negative feedback mechanisms?

A

Larger brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Multiple negative ________ mechanisms provide a greater degree of control of the internal environment.

A

feedback

18
Q

Change in the internal environment is detected by ________

. These cells are stimulated when the level is too high or too low.

A

rectpors

19
Q

Where are changes (increase/decrease) in blood glucose levels detected?

A

pancreas

20
Q

What is the effect of an increase in blood glucose concentration on the cells in the body?

A

water diffuses out

21
Q

What is the process that converts glucose to glycogen in the liver cells called?

A

glycogenesis

22
Q

High blood glucose concentration is detected by the ____
cells in the pancreas. The cells are located in the islets of _______
.

A
  1. beta

2. Longhans

23
Q

What reaction takes place during glycogenolysis?

A

glycogen ——-> glucose

24
Q

Positive feedback works in a feedback _____, where a small change is amplified into a ____ change. It is the opposite of ______ feedback, which maintains systems within narrow limits.

A
  1. Loop
  2. Big
  3. Negative
25
Q

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback?

A

oxytocin triggering contractions

26
Q

Which hormone controls the positive feedback loop involved in child birth?

A

oxytocin

27
Q

Lipid that sits in the core of the membrane.

A

Cholesterol

28
Q

The molecules that form a bilayer in membranes. The molecules are made from glycerol, two fatty acids and phosphate-linked head group.

A

Phospholipid

29
Q

The structure that defines the borders of cells and most organelles.

A

Plasma membrane

30
Q

What name is used to describe proteins that completely span the cell surface membrane?

A

integral

31
Q

what are 3 components of phospholipids?

A
  1. fatty acids
  2. glycerol
  3. phosphate head
32
Q

carbohydrates are always found on the exterior surface of cells and are bound either to proteins (forming ________ ) or to lipids (forming ______)

A
  1. glycoproteins

2. glycolipids

33
Q

These carbohydrate chains may consist of 2–60 _______ units and can be either straight or branched.

A

monosaccharide

34
Q

Along with ______ proteins, carbohydrates form specialized sites on the cell surface that allow cells to recognize each other.

A

peripheral

35
Q

This recognition function is very important to cells, as it allows the _____ system to differentiate between body cells (called “self”) and foreign cells or tissues (called “non-self”).

A

immune

36
Q

what 3 substances can diffuse across cell membranes?

A
  1. oxygen
  2. urea
  3. carbon dioxide
37
Q

What do we call the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration?

A

diffusion

38
Q

Which two processes are involved in the active transport across membranes?

  1. _____ cytosis
  2. _____ cytosis
A
  1. endo

2. exo

39
Q

What is the name given to the process where a cell engulfs a substance from its surroundings?

A

endocytosis

40
Q

Roots of plants.

A

mineral ions

41
Q

Guts of humans.

A

sugar

ALPHA (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions