Biology 105 LAB Review for Exam #2 (Ex. 4-7) Flashcards
What objective lens provides the largest field of view?
Scanning (4x)
What objective lens provides the smallest field of view?
High (40x)
Is the field of view inversely or directly related to magnification?
It is inversely related to magnification.
The greater the magnification the smaller the field of view.
Magnification increases, field of view decreases.
Scanning lens (4x)
40
Low power (10x)
100
High power (40x)
400
Indicate 3 structures that are common to living cells?
1) DNA
2) Cell Membranes/Plasma Membrane
3) Ribosomes
What does prokaryotic cell have or don’t have?
No nucleus
No membranes bound organelles
What does eukaryotic cell have or don’t have?
Have nucleus
Have membrane-bound organelles
Make a sketch of each the 3 types of bacterial shapes;
Coccus
Bacillus
Spirillum
Sketch:
Coccus
Bacillus
Spirillum
Elodea Cell - what does it have (label)
(look in your iPad for the photo)
cell wall
chloroplast
area of vacuole
Onion Cell - what does it have (label)
(look in your iPad for the photo)
Cell wall
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Cheek Epithelial - what does it have (label)
(look in your iPad for the photo)
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Amoeba - what does it have (label)
(look in your iPad for the photo)
Pseudopodia
Nucleus
Food vacuole
Paramecium - what does it have (label)
(look in your iPad for the photo)
Cilia
Contractile Vacuole
Oral groove
Nucleus
Amoeba can move via the extension of finger-like projections called pseudopodia, what prevents plant cells from moving in the same fashion?
Cell walls that prevents the formation of Pseudopodia
Euglena - what does it have (label)
(look in your iPad for the photo)
Flagellum
Chloroplast
Nucleus
How does euglena compare to both plant and animal cells?
(explain what structure(s) might make it similar to plants and what structures might make it similar to animals)
Euglena are similar to PLANTS because they BOTH have CHLOROPLAST
Euglena are similar to ANIMALS because NEITHER of them has a CELL WALL
Total Surface Area (cm²) Equation
Ex: Cell
1 cm
L x W x 6
(1 cm) x (1 cm) x (6) = 6 cm²
Volume (cm³ )
Ex: Cell
1 cm
L x W x H
(1 cm) x (1 cm) x (1 cm) = 1cm³
Calculate Total Surface Are (TSA) , Volume
Ex: Cell
1 cm
TSA : 6 cm²
Volume: 1cm³
TSA/Volume Ratio (cm -¹)
divide 6 cm² / 1cm³ = 6
When using a microscope, what happens to the field of view as magnification increases?
As magnification increases the field of view decreases
(the greater the magnification, the smaller the field of view)
If you are observing a specimen under the microscope using the 40X objective and the specimen looks blurry, you should adjust the _____ to bring the image back into focus.
a) Course adjustment
b) Fine adjustment
Fine adjustment
MATCH the following statements to the appropriate cell types:
a) Prokaryotic b) Eukaryotic c) Both a and b
Nucleus is present:
Ribosomes are present:
Examples include bacteria:
Organelles such as mitochondria are present:
Nucleus is present: b) Eukaryotic
Ribosomes are present: c) Both a and b
Examples include bacteria: a) Prokaryotic
Organelles such as mitochondria are present: b) Eukaryotic
Course adjustment
Allows for quick focusing by moving the objective lens or stage up and down.
(You turn the coarse focus knob, it moves the stage (where the specimen is placed) up or down rapidly)
Paramecium use ______ to help them move.
a. Contractile Vacuole
b. Flagella
c. Pseudopodia
d. Cilia
d) Cilia
A cell has a total surface area of 150 cm² and a volume of 125 cm³
a). What is the surface area to volume ratio of this cell?
b). What happens to the surface area to volume ratio of a cell as its size gets bigger?
a) 1.2 cm -¹
b) The surface area of a cell gets smaller
Describe the relationship between surface area to volume ratio, size of cell, and ease of transport into and out of cell.
**As a cell increases in size, its surface area to volume ratio decreases, and making it harder to transport materials (substances) across the cell membrane. **
Smaller cell to higher ratio
cell is small, its surface area to volume increases making it easier to transport substances across the cell membrane.
Which of the following describes a solution with a LOWER SOLUTE CONCENTRATION?
a. Isotonic
b. Hypertonic
c. Hypotonic
c. Hypotonic
Which of the following describes a solution with a HIGHER SOLUTE CONCENTRATION?
a. Isotonic
b. Hypertonic
c. Hypotonic
b. Hypertonic
In osmosis water diffuses from a __________ solution to a _____________ solution.
In osmosis, water diffuses from a HYPOtonic solution to a HYPERtonic solution.
Dialysis refers to the movement of:
SOLUTE from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a semipermeable membrane
An egg (shell dissolved) is placed in a solution and after sometime the egg doubles in size. What kind of solution was the egg placed in? Why did the egg get bigger?
Egg was placed in a hypotonic solution; the egg got bigger because water moved into the egg through osmosis, from the area of higher water concentration (the solution) to the area of lower water concentration.
In the Elodea cell plasmolysis experiment, what happens to the central vacuole during plasmolysis?
During plasmolysis in an Elodea cell,
1) the central vacuole shrinks, it loses water through osmosis,
2) causing the cytoplasm to pull away from the cell wall and becoming visibly smaller
[The vacuole decreases in size due to the loss of water to the surrounding hypertonic solution]
Plasmolysis happens when a plant cell is in a hypertonic solution, meaning the solution has a high concentration of solutes, like salt. This causes water to flow out of the cell through exosmosis. If the plant cell loses too much water, it can die
In the dialysis experiment, did glucose move outside the bag? Did starch move outside of the bag? Why or why not?
In a dialysis experiment, glucose would move outside the bag, while starch did not move through the bag.
- glucose molecules are small enough to pass through the semipermeable membrane of the dialysis bag,
- starch molecules are too large to do so.
Gas A and Gas B are inserted into this glass tube at the same time and they react to produce a black ring.
a. A or B - which one weighs more? How can you tell?
b. Rate of diffusion is (DIRECTLY or INVERSELY) proportional to the size of a molecule.
c. how would this reaction change if it was performed at a much cooler temperature?
a. GAS B weighs more than Gas A , because Gas B has a lower volume than Gas A , gas A has greater density
b. INVERSELY
c. the rate of diffusion would decrease because lower temperature mean molecules have less kinetic energy and move slower.
Which of the following best describes the term “selectively permeable” as it applies to the plasma membrane?
a. No molecules pass through the plasma membrane
b. Only certain molecules pass through the plasma membrane
c. Only large molecules pass through the plasma membrane
d. All molecules pass through the plasma membrane
b. Only certain molecules pass through the plasma membrane
For both gas diffusion and dialysis, which type of molecules are more likely to move with greater ease?
a. Small molecules
b. Large molecules
a. Small molecules
Which of the following biochemical tests will we be revisiting and using for this week’s dialysis experiment? Mark all that apply.
a. Sudan III
b. Lugol’s Test
c. Benedict’s Test
d. Biuret
b. Lugol’s Test (starch)
c. Benedict’s Test (glucose)
Plasmolysis occurs in:
How does plasmolysis affects plant cells and relates to _______ solution?
Hypertonic
Plasmolysis is the process where a plant cell shrinks due to water loss when placed in a hypertonic solution, causing the cell membrane to pull away from the cell wall. and the plant cell shrinks and crumples
Which of the following lenses will provide the HIGHEST magnification?
a. 40x
b. ocular only
c. 4x
d. 10x
a. 40x