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BIO 105 > BIO Set #3 Ch. 5-6 & 11 > Flashcards

BIO Set #3 Ch. 5-6 & 11 Flashcards

DNA, PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, MITOSIS, MEIOSIS, REPRODUCTION, IMMUNE, and GENETICS

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1
Q

Identify the enzyme that replicates DNA (which direction does it work?)

DNA

A
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2
Q

What enzyme separates the DNA for replication and what bonds are broken

DNA

A
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3
Q

What stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place? Be specific:

DNA

A
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4
Q

What bonds are broken between complimentary stands of DNA?

DNA

A
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5
Q

What enzyme bonds DNA fragments in the 3’ to 5’ direction?

DNA

A
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6
Q

According to Watson and Crick, DNA replication is

DNA

A
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7
Q

Which enzyme reduces the stress during DNA replication?

DNA

A
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8
Q

What enzymes are needed for DNA repair and/or mutation repair?

DNA

A
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9
Q

What is the difference between the leading strand vs. lagging strand?

DNA

A
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10
Q

What is proofreading in reference to DNA replication? Which enzyme is involved?

DNA

A
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11
Q

Which nitrogenous bases are Pyrimidines and which are Purines?

DNA

A
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12
Q

What is and why is Primase needed?

DNA

A
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13
Q

What is a RNA primer and why is it needed?

DNA

A
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14
Q

If Cytosine is 15% - what are the other nitrogenous base concentrations?

DNA

A
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15
Q

What is a mutation?

DNA

A

Is the source of variation of all things

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16
Q

What site on the ribosome does the 1st tRNA attach in protein synthesis?

Protein Synthesis

A
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17
Q

What are 3 similarities between RNA and DNA

Protein Synthesis

A
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18
Q

What are 3 differences between RNA and DNA?

Protein Synthesis

A
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19
Q

What is the anticodon for the codon AUG?

Protein Synthesis

A
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20
Q

What kind of bond forms between the amino acids as the protein chain is forming?

Protein Synthesis

A
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21
Q

What enzyme makes RNA and which direction does it work?

Protein Synthesis

A
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22
Q

What is transcription and where does it happen?

Protein Synthesis

A
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23
Q

What is RNA processing and where does it happen?

A
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24
Q

What is translation and where does it take place?

Protein Synthesis

A
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25
Q

Indicate the start codon:

Protein Synthesis

A
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26
Q

The codon is located on the:

Protein Synthesis

A
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27
Q

The anticodon is located on the:

Protein Synthesis

A
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28
Q

How many codons are needed to build a protein that has 5 amino acids?

Protein Synthesis

A
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29
Q

How many anticodons are needed to build a protein that has 5 amino acids?

Protein Synthesis

A
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30
Q

The first tRNA anticodon will always bond with its codon in which site on the ribosome?

Protein Synthesis

A
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31
Q

What are the anticodons for the stop codons?

Protein Synthesis

A
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32
Q

A cell with 26 chromatids at the start of mitosis will produce cells with ___ chromosomes?

Mitosis

A
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33
Q

What does Diploid and Haploid mean?

Mitosis

A
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34
Q

A cell with 12 chromosomes at the start of mitosis will produce cells with ___ chromosomes?

Mitosis

A
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35
Q

What is cytokinesis, explain what happens in animal vs. plant, and what stage does it start?

Mitosis

A
36
Q

What makes a sister chromatid a sister chromatid?

Mitosis

A
37
Q

Interphase has 3 sub-phases

-identify those phases, what occurs in each, and time of each phase.

Mitosis

A
38
Q

When is a chromatid a chromatid?

Mitosis

A
39
Q

What is karyokinesis and what stage does it happen?

Mitosis

A
40
Q

What is a replicated chromosome?

Mitosis

A
41
Q

Indicate the role for each of the following structures in mitosis: spindle fibers, centrioles and aster fibers

Mitosis

A
42
Q

Know each mitotic phase and what happens in each phase.

Mitosis

A
43
Q

A cell with 12 chromosomes at the start of meiosis will produce cells with ___ chromosomes?

Meiosis

A
44
Q

A cell with 28 chromatids at the start of meiosis will produce cells with ___ chromosomes?

Meiosis

A
45
Q

Why do these 3 types of variation happen?

Meiosis

A
46
Q

What are the 3 types of variation that occur during gamete formation (give phases) and reproduction?

Meiosis

A
47
Q

What is a homologous chromosome?

Meiosis

A
48
Q

What is a tetrad?

Meiosis

A
49
Q

What separates in Anaphase 1 in meiosis?

Meiosis

A
50
Q

What separates in Anaphase 2 in meiosis?

Meiosis

A
51
Q

What is non-disjunction, when does it occur (phases), and give two possible results of it?

Meiosis

A
52
Q

Define trisomy, monosomy, n + 1 and n

Meiosis

A
53
Q

Why is meiosis I also called the reduction phase?

Meiosis

A
54
Q

Why is prophase I and metaphase I important phases?

Meiosis

A
55
Q

What happens with synapsis, crossing-over and independent assortment?

Meiosis

A
56
Q

What is a zygote?

Meiosis

A
57
Q

Why is meiosis II similar to mitosis?

Meiosis

A
58
Q

Compare/contrast autosomes and sex chromosomes

Meiosis

A
59
Q

What is a karyotype and why is it important?

Meiosis

A
60
Q

What is a chiasmata?

Meiosis

A
61
Q

Define diploid and haploid

Meiosis

A
62
Q

Specific location where sperm is produced?

Reproduction

A
63
Q

Where is sperm stored?

Reproduction

A
64
Q

When the egg is released from the ovary, fertilization will happen where and what stage of meiosis is the egg in?

Reproduction

A
65
Q

What is semen composed of?

Reproduction

A
66
Q

What are the following and indicated diploid or haploid: primary spermatocyte and secondary spermatocyte?

Reproduction

A
67
Q

Know male structures/functions/produce: seminiferous tubule, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, prostate gland, &
Cowper’s gland

Reproduction

A
68
Q

Know the following female structures/functions/produce: vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tube and ovary.

Reproduction

A
69
Q

What is spermatogenesis?

Reproduction

A
70
Q

What is oogenesis?

Reproduction

A
71
Q

The alarm substance (triggers an inflammatory reaction) your body releases when cells are damaged and/or invaded by is called?

Immune

A
72
Q

Identify the physical barriers to invasion by other organisms

Immune

A
73
Q

What is your body’s inflammatory response?

Immune

A
74
Q

What is a phenotype?

Genetics

A
75
Q

What is a genotype?

Genetics

A
76
Q

What is a gene and how does an allele relate to a gene?

Genetics

A
77
Q

Define: homozygous dominant, heterozygous and homozygous recessive

Genetics

A
78
Q

What is the genotypic ratio and phenotypic ratio for monohybrid cross?

Genetics

A
79
Q

What is the phenotypic ratio for dihybrid cross?

Genetics

A
80
Q

When sex-liked alleles are involved, what does it mean to be a carrier?

Genetics

A
81
Q

Know how to complete the following genetic crosses: monohybrid, dihybrid, incomplete dominance, codominance and sex-linked.

Genetics

A
82
Q

For sex-linked alleles, why is male treated differently than the female?

Genetics

A
83
Q

Indicate the different kinds of gametes that could be produced by the following individual AaBBCcDdEE.

Genetics

A
84
Q

What does a Punnett square show?

Genetics

A
85
Q

Genetic disorders are caused by

Genetics

A

BIO 105 (5 decks)

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