Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Biology 1 - Cells and organisation (B1- B4) > Flashcards

Biology 1 - Cells and organisation (B1- B4) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How many micro meters in a mm?

A

1000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the equation for magnification?

A

magnification= size of image / size of real object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the nucleus do in a cell?

A

Contains genes and chromosomes and controls activities of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the cytoplasm and what does it do?

A

A liquid gel in which the organelles are suspended and where most of the chemical reactions needed for life take place in the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the cell membrane do?

A

Controls what enters and exits the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do the mitochondria do?

A

Aerobic respiration takes place here, releasing energy for the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do the ribosomes do?

A

Protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the permanent vacuole?

A

A space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap. This is important for keeping the cells rigid to support the plant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t? Two things.

A

Large vacuole and chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are Eukaryotic cells?

A

Animal and plant cells are examples - Cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material that is enclosed in a nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are Prokaryotic cells?

A

Bacteria are an example. The genetic material is not in a distinct nucleus. It forms a single DNA loop. Prokaryotes may contain one or more extra small rings of DNA called plasmids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the xylem do in a plant stem?

A

Carries water and mineral ions from the roots to the highest leaves and shoots. The xylem also supports the plant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the Phloem do in a plant stem?

A

Carries food made by photosynthesis around the body of the plant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The spreading out of the particles of a fluid in a solution. The net movement is from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration of the particle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do substances move around cells?

A

Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Osmosis and how does it differ from diffusion?

A

The movement of water from a dilute to a more concentrated solute solution through a partially permeable membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Active transport?

A

The movement of substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution, against the concentration gradient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How are chromosomes found in body cells?

A

In pairs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the cell cycle?

A

The series of stages in which cells divide.

20
Q

What are the three stages of cell division

A

Stage 1 - longest stage, Replication of DNA to form two copies of each chromosome and synthesis of new sub-cellular structures.
Stage 2 - Mitosis, the nucleus divides.
Stage 3 - Cell divide in two

21
Q

What is mitosis?

A

The division of the nucleus during cell division.

22
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A group of cells with similar structure and function.

23
Q

What is an organ?

A

Collections of tissues performing specific functions.

24
Q

What is an Organ system?

A

A group of organs which work together to form organisms.

25
Q

What does the liver do in the digestive system?

A

Makes bile.

26
Q

What does the Stomach do in the digestive system?

A

Breaks down large insoluble food molecules into smaller soluble ones

27
Q

What does the small intestine do in the digestive system?

A

Breaks down large insoluble food molecules into smaller soluble ones and then absorbs them into the blood.

28
Q

What does the Large intestine do?

A

Absorbs water from undigested food.

29
Q

What colour does starch turn iodine?

A

Blue-black

30
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Biological catalysts that are produced by the body.

31
Q

What are each broken down by and into:

  • Starch (Carbohydrate)
  • Proteins
  • Fats (Lipids)
A
  • Starch into sugar by amylase
  • Protein into amino acids by protease
  • Lipids broken down into fatty acids and glycerol by Lipase.
32
Q

What are the four main components of blood?

A

Plasma, red and white blood cells and platelets.

33
Q

What substance in red blood cells holds oxygen?

A

Haemoglobin

34
Q

Which blood vessels carry blood to the heart?

A

Veins

35
Q

Which blood vessels carry blood to the organs?

A

Arteries

36
Q

Which blood vessels are one cell thick?

A

Capillaries

37
Q

What do the valves do?

A

Prevent back flow of blood in the heart.

38
Q

Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs?

A

Alveoli

39
Q

What is transpiration?

A

The loss of water vapour from the leaves of plants through the stomata when they are opened to allow gas exchange for photosynthesis.

40
Q

What does protease break down?

A

Proteins into amino acids.

41
Q

What does lipase break down?

A

Lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.

42
Q

What does amylase break down?

A

Starch into sugar

43
Q

How do you test for protein in a food?

A

Add Biuret reagent to food sample

Mauve/purple colour shows protein is present.

44
Q

How do you test for glucose in a fruit?

A

Heat mixture and add a few drops of Benedict’s solution

Glucose turns solution blue to orange.

45
Q

How does water move from roots to the leaves?

A

They move up the xylem by the transpiration stream.

46
Q

What is the effect of chlorophyll deficiency on a plant. (4 points)

A
  • Less photosynthesis
  • Less glucose is made
  • Less energy released for growth
  • Less glucose for respiration so less amino acids / proteins / cellulose for growth
47
Q

What do the villi do?

A

Absorbs food molecules from small intestine. Inc. Glucose.

Biology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions