Biologically important molecules: proteins and nucleic acids Flashcards
proteins are large molecules with…
many differant function for living things.
what are the large molecules of proteins made of ?
chains of smaller molecules called Amino Acids
proteins can have about… of amino acids long
100 and 1000
complex proteins are :
multiple different chains of amino acids that combine to create the final protein.
every amino acid has :
a central carbon with 4 thing attached
what are these 4 groups (working molecule of the cell) see page 121 to see image
- amino group
-carboxyl group
-side group
-hydrogen
there are 20 different amino acids that the cell can use to build protein.How do they differ them selves from one an other ?
based on what side group is attached to the central carbon (variable R group)
how amino acids combine into a protein: what determines the bonds and interaction they can form?
side groups variable R
side groups variable R determines what
the structure of the whole protein and therefore its function as well
what happens if a proteins structure is changed ?
it while loose its function
it while loose its function: Why
because anything that breaks a bond or interaction between amino acids in a protein will cause a loss of structure
loss of structure : what is this called
DENATURATION
WHAT happens to denaturated proteins?
they will perform there funt less well or no at all depending on the extent of denaturation
proteins funct :(proteins perform many funt for the cells and the body as a whole.)Name the 6 functions:
- storage of amino acids
- structural support
- communication
- movement
- defence
6.catalysis of biochemical reactions
6.catalysis of biochemical reactions : performed by what ?
by special proteins called enzymes
what are enzymes specific to ?
to a very small numb of subtrates
What are substrates in the context of biochemistry?
Substrates are the reactants upon which enzymes act in biochemical reactions.
nucleic acid structure and funct basics: What do nucleic acid hold?
hold genetic info
What do nucleic acid hold? examples
DNA ( AND RNA
DNA and RNA are chains of what ?
chains of small molecules called NUCLEOTIDES (NUCLEIC ACIDS cant be short or very very long)
what defines a nucleotide ?
every DNA nucleotide has 3 main parts : PO4 CH2 sugars group and its dna (A-T G-C) SEE IMAGE IN PAGE 123
How many nuleotide to create dna?
1-Adenine (A)
2-Thymine(T)
3-Cytosine(C)
4-Guanine(G)
what is the difference between a regular nucleotide vs a dna nucleotide ?
they have nitrogen rich bases
structure of DNA : name the structure of the side of the ladder?
sugar-phosphate backbone
