biologically important molecules:

Question 1

what is covalent bonding?

Answer 1

sharing of a pair of electrons between 2 atoms.

Question 2

Explaine the difference between a polar and non polar molecule?

Answer 2

a polar molecule is then there is an UNequal sharing in the electrons and non polar is when there is an equal sharing.

Question 3

when does a hydrogen bond occur?

Answer 3

A polar molecules that has a partial neg charge attracts a partial positive polar hydrogen .

Question 4

what is called this type of attraction .

Answer 4

intermolecular force (london,diple diple and hydrogene bonds)

Question 5

what is an important characteristic of water?

Answer 5

an excellent solvent

Question 6

what is the name of a molecule that is soluble in water ?

Answer 6

hydrophillic

Question 7

the size and polarity of water molecule makes it a good solvant to :

Answer 7

-dissolve ionic bonds
-dissolve molecules with polar covalent bonds
-dissolves small non polars molecules.

Question 8

water can sometimes induce spetial behaviors in molecules ?

Answer 8

molecules that are not soluble in water : hydrophobic

Question 9

why are hydrophobic molecules important ?

Answer 9

to create barriers between different aqueous solutions.

Question 10

what are carbohydrates

Answer 10

molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1

Question 11

what often happens with hydrophoblic molecules ?

Answer 11

large , non polar molecules clump together in an aqueous environment .

Question 12

most carbohydrates have :polar or non polar

Answer 12

polar fonctional groups making them hydroPHILLIC

Question 13

carbohydrates can be :

Answer 13

• samll sugars called MONOSACCHRIDES or DISACCHARIDES .

Question 14

carbohydrates can be composed of what? :

Answer 14

large molecules made of many monosaccharides called POLYSACCHARIDES (like polymers)

Question 15

guess the carbohydrates :
often have a carbon ring structure that contains between 3-7 carbons

Answer 15

Monosaccharides

Question 16

give 3 examples (ose)

Answer 16

glucose (6’C) , fructose(6’C) and deoxyribose(5’C)

Question 17

Made of 2 monosaccharides

Answer 17

disaccharides ex: sucrose (glucose + fructose) , lactose (glucose + galactose)

Question 18

made of many monosaccharides :

Answer 18

Polysaccharides

Question 19

examples

Answer 19

glycogen and cellulose

Question 20

Name a function of glucose for cells?

Answer 20

give quick energy to the cells because it is not a complexe molecule.

Question 21

functions of carbohydrates: for monosaccharides and disaccharides?

Answer 21

build polysaccharides and quick energy

Question 22

functions of carbohydrates: for polysaccharides

Answer 22

structures that support cells

Question 23

charac. of lipids: what are lipids?

Answer 23

large molecules made of mostly only carbon and hydrogen.

Question 24

what type of bonds do lipids make ?

Answer 24

non-polar covalent bond with each other

Question 25

are lipid hydro-phobic or philic and why ?

Answer 25

hydrophobic because of there size and all the non polar covalent bonds.

Question 26

lipids have 3 main types based on there molecular structure what are they:

Answer 26

-Triglycerides -Phospholipids -steroids

Question 27

structure and function of each :Triglycerides

Answer 27

-Triglycerides struct.: glycerol backbone with 3 fatty acids attached funct:energy storage and thermal insulation.

Question 28

structure and function of each :Phospholipids

Answer 28

Phospholipids stuct.:glycerol backbone with 2 fatty acids and hydrophilic group attached funct.:MAJOR component of cellular membranes

Question 29

function of each :steroids (cholesterol,estrogen...)

Answer 29

struct: 3 6-carbon rings and 1 5-carbon rings with a variety of functional groups attached. funct: MAJOR component of cellular membranes, hormones and hormone synthesis.