biological therapy Flashcards
AO1: typical anti-psychotic drugs
- used to combat positive symptoms by reducing amount of dopamine
- e.g. chlorpromazine
- works by binding to dopamine receptors. Then blocks the stimulation of these receptors so they cannot absorb the dopamine. Then normalised neurotransmission as the post synaptic cell receives less dopamine.
AO3: typical: strength- cost effective & easy to administer
however, they are palliative
P: typical anti-psychotic drugs are cost effective and easy to administer.
E: they have positive effects allowing them to live their lives normally
E: less than 3% of people with sz are hospitalised because of the drugs
HOWEVER, the drugs are palliative. when you stop taking them the symptoms come back.
AO3: typical: strength- the drugs are more effective than placebos
however, cost benefit analysis is negative
P: the typical drugs are more effective than the placebos
E/E: found that patients that remained on their antipsychotic medication were only 27% more likely to relapse compared to the 64% that were given the placebo.
L: shows that drugs are successful in preventing relapse
HOWEVEr, cost benefit analysis would probably be negative. If side effect, death and social consequences are taken into account. Suggests there are lots of ethical issues
AO3: typical: limitation- side effects
P: can lead to side effects
E: 60-70% of D2 receptors in the dopamine pathway needs to be blocked for typical antipsychotics to be effective.
E: if more are blocked this lead to side effects e.g. tardive dyskinesia
AO1: atypical antipsychotic drugs
- treat positive and negative symptoms
- e.g. clozapine and risperidone
- significantly more expensive
- used when typical drugs don’t work
- works by temporarily blocking seretonin and glutamate receptors. Occupies the D2 receptors and then rapidly dissociates them to allow normal dopamine distribution.
AO3: atypical: strength- less side effects than typical
P: less side effects than typical anti-psychotic drugs
E: tends not the cause movement problems like typical
E: atypical lowers chances of tardive dyskinesia. Found 30% suffered with this on typical drugs compared to 5% on atypical drugs
