biological therapies Flashcards
what is the most common treatment for SZ?
- antipsychotic drugs that reduce deverity of symtpoms particulary positive
- taken as tablets, syrups, injections
- some can be short some can be rest of life
what are typical antipsychotics?
- first gen of antipsychotics
- introduced in 1950s
- dopamine ANTAGONIST (reduce dopamine)
what are atypical antipsychotics?
- second gen antipsychotics
- developed in 1970s
- developed to improve effectiveness of reducing positive symptoms and reducing side efffects
how do antipsychotics work?
ONLY FOR HYPERDOPAMINERGIA
1. dopamine released by presynaptic neuron
2. antipsychotic binds and blocks dopamine receptors on post synaptic neuron
3. normal level of dopamine transmission experienced
chlorpromazine
how it works, effectiveness, side effects, used?
TYPICAL
- inhibits dopamine at post synaptic D2 receptor (antagonist)
- 70%
- tiredness, dry mouth, lightheaded
- not commonly used anymore
clozapine
how it works, effectiveness, side effects, used?
ATYPICAL
- binds to dopamine and acts with serotonin and glutamate
- 50%
- blood disorder, slow heart rate, low blood pres
- not first choice bc of side effects
risperidone
how it works, effectiveness, side effects, used?
ATYPICAL
- binds to serotonin + dopamine
- 80%
- depression, anxiety, rash, cough
- very common
evaluation points
- side effects
- effectiveness
- issues with theory behind it
- ethics
4 types of side effects
- extrapryamidal (movement)
- metabolic
- anticholinergic
- prolactin
examples of extrapryamidal side effects?
- stiff
- restless
(more common in typical)
examples of metabolic side effects?
- weight gain
- increased chlorestrol
- increase blood sugar
examples of anticholinergic side effects?
- dry mouth
- hot/flush
- constipated
examples of prolactin side effects?
- lactation
- breat enlargment
- stop periods
( more common in risperidone)
troubles with side effects?
worse than symptoms= not take medication
evidence for effectiveness?
Thornley et al
Chlorpromazine
- experimental group (drug) had better overall functioning and reduced symptom severity compared to placebo group + lower relapse rate
evidence against effectiveness?
Healy
- issues with research published showing effectiveness
- successful= published multiple times to exaggerate results, calming side effects= not reducing, short effect effects
effectiveness overall point?
IS effective
- Thornley study
- highlights benefits of antipsychotics, better able cope with SZ
- counter-> Healy
- exaggerated, not as effective as believe
what are the issues with the theory behind antipsychotics?
- alter hyperdopaminergia
- doesnt act on hypo, ignores this
- cant explain why some have low levels
- doctors may prescribe inappropriate treatment, reduce faith in drugs
- to advance our understanding= look at diff between hypo and hyper
how are antipsychotics unethical?
- nickname of chemical straight jacket
- from films/ mental asylums in past, given to make dealing with people easier
- creates negative association
- may not want to take treatment due to stigma, wary of seeking help
- overcome =override cons with positives, effective education/awareness
