Biological Research

Question 1

Methodology

Answer 1

IV= NGRI murderers
DV= Brain differences

Quasi, Matched Pairs

Experimental: 41 murderers, 6 schizophrenia, 2 epilepsy

Control: Matched on age, sex, IQ

Question 2

Procedures

Answer 2

Opportunity sampling

FDG tracer used by active brain areas

1. P’s practiced CPT
2. 30s before FDG they started the CPT so no novelty
3. 30min after, PET scan, horizontal brain slices

Precise details given of scanning techniques so can replicate

Question 3

Findings

Answer 3

Reduced activity in areas linked to violence:
•Frontal lobe
•Left Amygdala

Increased activity:
•Cerebellum
•Right amygdala

Normal:
•Midbrain

They had abnormal asymmetries

Question 4

Conclusions

Answer 4

Findings support idea that there are links between areas of brain and aggression.

E.g. Deficit in prefrontal lobe causes impulsivity, immaturity, so may explain aggressive behaviour.

Raine acknowledges it’s not a biological explanation for violence. Clearly environment plays part too.

Question 5

Methodology/ Procedures evaluation

Answer 5

PET scans = Objective, scientific, high validity. Can apply findings

Questionable whether in right mind to understand right to withdraw/ give informed consent, were they vulnerable?

Psychological harm if didn’t understand what’s involved in PET scan