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Biological Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Neuron

A

nerve cell specialized for communication

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2
Q

Dendrite

A

portion of neuron that receives signals

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3
Q

axon

A

portion of neuron that sends signals

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4
Q

synaptic vesicle

A

spherical sac containing neurotransmitters

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5
Q

neurotransmitter

A

neurotransmitter
chemical messenger specialized for communication from neuron to neuron

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6
Q

synapse

A

synapse
space between two connecting neurons through which messages are transmitted chemically

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7
Q

glial cell

A

glial cell
cell in nervous system that plays a role in the formation of myelin and the blood–brain barrier, responds to injury, removes debris, and enhances learning and memory

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8
Q

myelin sheath

A

myelin sheath
glial cells wrapped around axons that act as insulators of the neuron’s signal

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9
Q

resting potential

A

electrical charge difference (–60 millivolts) across the neuronal membrane, when the neuron is not being stimulated or inhibited

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10
Q

action potential

A

electrical impulse that travels down the axon triggering the release of neurotransmitters

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11
Q

absolute refractory period

A

time during which another action potential is impossible; limits maximal firing rate

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12
Q

receptor site

A

location that uniquely recognizes a neurotransmitter

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13
Q

reuptake

A

means of recycling neurotransmitters

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14
Q

neural plasticity

A

ability of the nervous system to change

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15
Q

The Endocrine System - adrenal gland

A

adrenal gland
tissue located on top of the kidneys that releases adrenaline and cortisol during states of emotional arousal

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16
Q

The Endocrine System - endocrine system

A

endocrine system
system of glands and hormones that
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17
Q

The Endocrine System - hormone

A

hormone
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18
Q

The Endocrine System - pituitary gland

A

pituitary gland
master gland that, under the control of the hypothalamus, directs the other glands of the body

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19
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

central nervous system (CNS)
part of nervous system containing brain and spinal cord that controls the mind and behavior

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20
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

peripheral nervous system (PNS)
nerves in the body that extend outside the central nervous system (CNS)

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21
Q

cerebral ventricles

A

cerebral ventricles
pockets in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which provide the brain with nutrients and cushion against injury

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22
Q

forebrain (or cerebrum)

A

forebrain (cerebrum)
forward part of the brain that allows advanced intellectual abilities

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23
Q

cerebral hemispheres

A

cerebral hemispheres
two halves of the cerebral cortex, each of which serve distinct yet highly integrated functions

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24
Q

corpus callosum

A

corpus callosum
large band of fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres

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25
Q

cerebral cortex

A

cerebral cortex
outermost part of forebrain, responsible for analyzing sensory processing and higher brain functions

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26
Q

frontal lobe

A

frontal lobe
forward part of cerebral cortex responsible for motor function, language, memory, and planning

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27
Q

motor cortex

A

motor cortex
part of frontal lobe responsible for body movement

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28
Q

prefrontal cortex

A

prefrontal cortex
part of frontal lobe responsible for thinking, planning, and language

29
Q

Broca’s area

A

Broca’s area
language area in the prefrontal cortex that helps to control speech production

30
Q

parietal lobe

A

parietal lobe
upper middle part of the cerebral cortex lying behind the frontal lobe that is specialized for touch and perception

31
Q

temporal lobe

A

temporal lobe
lower part of cerebral cortex that plays roles in hearing, understanding language, and memory

32
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

part of the temporal lobe involved in understanding speach

33
Q

occipital lobe

A

occipital lobe
back part of cerebral cortex specialized for vision

34
Q

primary sensory cortex

A

primary sensory cortex
regions of the cerebral cortex that initially process information from the senses

35
Q

association cortex

A

association cortex
regions of the cerebral cortex that integrate simpler functions to perform more complex functions

36
Q

basal ganglia

A

basal ganglia
structures in the forebrain that help to control movement

37
Q

limbic system

A

emotional center of brain that also plays roles in smell, motivation, and memory

38
Q

thalamus

A

thalamus
gateway from the sense organs to the primary sensory cortex

39
Q

hypothalamus

A

hypothalamus
part of the brain responsible for maintaining a constant internal state

40
Q

amygdala

A

amygdala
part of limbic system that plays key roles in fear, excitement, and arousal

41
Q

hippocampus

A

hippocampus
part of the brain that plays a role in spatial memory

42
Q

brain stem

A

brain stem
part of the brain between the spinal cord and cerebral cortex that contains the midbrain, pons, and medulla

43
Q

mid brain

A

midbrain
part of the brain stem that contributes to movement, tracking of visual stimuli, and reflexes triggered by sound

44
Q

reticular activating system (RAS)

A

reticular activating system (RAS)
brain area that plays a key role in arousal

45
Q

hind brain

A

hindbrain
region below the midbrain that contains the cerebellum, pons, and medulla

46
Q

cerebellum

A

cerebellum
brain structure responsible for our sense of balance

47
Q

pons

A

pons
part of the brain stem that connects the cortex with the cerebellum

48
Q

medulla

A

medulla
part of brain stem involved in basic functions, such as heartbeat and breathing

49
Q

spinal cord

A

spinal cord
thick bundle of nerves that conveys signals between the brain and the body

50
Q

interneuron

A

interneuron
neuron that sends messages to other neurons nearby

51
Q

reflex

A

reflex
an automatic motor response to a sensory stimulus

52
Q

somatic nervous system

A

somatic nervous system
part of the nervous system that conveys information between the CNS and the body, controlling and coordinating voluntary movement

53
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

autonomic nervous system
part of the nervous system controlling the involuntary actions of our internal organs and glands, which (along with the limbic system) participates in emotion regulation

54
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

sympathetic nervous system
division of the autonomic nervous system engaged during a crisis or after actions requiring fight or flight

55
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

parasympathetic nervous system
division of autonomic nervous system that controls rest and digestion

56
Q

Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication

nerve cell specialized for communication

57
Q

Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication

portion of neuron that receives signals

58
Q

Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication

portion of neuron that sends signals

59
Q

Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication

spherical sac containing neurotransmitters

A

synaptic vesicle

60
Q

Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication

neurotransmitter
chemical messenger specialized for communication from neuron to neuron

A

neurotransmitter

61
Q

Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication

synapse
space between two connecting neurons through which messages are transmitted chemically

62
Q

Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication

glial cell
cell in nervous system that plays a role in the formation of myelin and the blood–brain barrier, responds to injury, removes debris, and enhances learning and memory

A

glial cell

63
Q

Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication

myelin sheath
glial cells wrapped around axons that act as insulators of the neuron’s signal

A

myelin sheath

64
Q

Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication

electrical charge difference (–60 millivolts) across the neuronal membrane, when the neuron is not being stimulated or inhibited

A

resting potential

65
Q

Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication

electrical impulse that travels down the axon triggering the release of neurotransmitters

A

action potential

66
Q

Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication

time during which another action potential is impossible; limits maximal firing rate

A

absolute refractory period

67
Q

Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication

location that uniquely recognizes a neurotransmitter

A

receptor site

68
Q

Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication

means of recycling neurotransmitters

69
Q

Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication

ability of the nervous system to change

A

neural plasticity

PSY1011 (6 decks)

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