biological molecules (carbs) Flashcards
what is a monosaccharide
a single unit of a polysaccharide (monomer)
what is a disaccharide
two monosaccharides joined together
what type of ring structure is glucose
hexose (six carbons)
what is the structure of Alpha glucose
Hydroxyl group on the bottom
what is the structure of beta glucose
hydroxyl group on the top
is glucose soluble
yes due to the hydrogen bonds that form between the polar glucose and the water
what group interacts to form a glycosidic bond
two hydroxyl groups
what is a glycosidic bond
a bond between two carbon atoms, one at carbon 1 and one at carbon 4
why is it called a condensation reaction
due to water being created when the bond forms
what does maltose consist of
two alpha glucose molecules
what does lactose consist of
galactose and beta glucose
what does sucrose consist of
fructose and galactose
what is a pentose sugar
one with a five carbon ring structure
what is a polysaccharide
a polymer of monosaccharides
what is amylose
a coiled 1,4 glycosidic bonded starch structure stabilised with hydrogen bonding
why is starch not soluble
due to the large amount of bonds to break they are not soluble
what is amylopectin
a branched 1,4 1,6 glycosidic bonded structure that is similar to glycogen
what is glycogen
the same as amylopectin but is found it fungi and animals
why does branches help glycogen be more effective
branches mean that glucose subunits can be added and taken away easier consequently allowing the interchanging of glycogen and glucose easily when the body needs it
what is cellulose made up of
beta glucose subunits
what are the main properties of cellulose
it is unbranched and uncoiled, 1,4 glycosidic bonds, hydrogen bonded cross links between straight chains make them strong and that is why they are used as structural polysaccharides
what are they called when hydrogen cross links form
microfibrils
what is it called when microfibrils join together
macrofibrils
what is it called when macrofibrils join together
cellulose fibres
