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biology > biological molecules (carbs) > Flashcards

biological molecules (carbs) Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a monosaccharide

A

a single unit of a polysaccharide (monomer)

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2
Q

what is a disaccharide

A

two monosaccharides joined together

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3
Q

what type of ring structure is glucose

A

hexose (six carbons)

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4
Q

what is the structure of Alpha glucose

A

Hydroxyl group on the bottom

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5
Q

what is the structure of beta glucose

A

hydroxyl group on the top

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6
Q

is glucose soluble

A

yes due to the hydrogen bonds that form between the polar glucose and the water

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7
Q

what group interacts to form a glycosidic bond

A

two hydroxyl groups

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8
Q

what is a glycosidic bond

A

a bond between two carbon atoms, one at carbon 1 and one at carbon 4

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9
Q

why is it called a condensation reaction

A

due to water being created when the bond forms

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10
Q

what does maltose consist of

A

two alpha glucose molecules

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11
Q

what does lactose consist of

A

galactose and beta glucose

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12
Q

what does sucrose consist of

A

fructose and galactose

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13
Q

what is a pentose sugar

A

one with a five carbon ring structure

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14
Q

what is a polysaccharide

A

a polymer of monosaccharides

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15
Q

what is amylose

A

a coiled 1,4 glycosidic bonded starch structure stabilised with hydrogen bonding

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16
Q

why is starch not soluble

A

due to the large amount of bonds to break they are not soluble

17
Q

what is amylopectin

A

a branched 1,4 1,6 glycosidic bonded structure that is similar to glycogen

18
Q

what is glycogen

A

the same as amylopectin but is found it fungi and animals

19
Q

why does branches help glycogen be more effective

A

branches mean that glucose subunits can be added and taken away easier consequently allowing the interchanging of glycogen and glucose easily when the body needs it

20
Q

what is cellulose made up of

A

beta glucose subunits

21
Q

what are the main properties of cellulose

A

it is unbranched and uncoiled, 1,4 glycosidic bonds, hydrogen bonded cross links between straight chains make them strong and that is why they are used as structural polysaccharides

22
Q

what are they called when hydrogen cross links form

A

microfibrils

23
Q

what is it called when microfibrils join together

A

macrofibrils

24
Q

what is it called when macrofibrils join together

A

cellulose fibres

25
Q

what is the reverse of a condensation reaction

A

hydrolysis

biology (10 decks)

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