Biological Molecules: Carbohydrates: Basics (DR.A) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is CELLULOSE?

A

A POLYSACCHARIDE made up of β-GLUCOSE found in PLANT CELLS
Consists of β 1-4 GLYCOSIDIC BONDS

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2
Q

What is a DISSACCHARIDE?

A

A CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER that is made up of 2 SUGAR UNITS formed by a CONDENSATION REACTION
The MONOSACCHARIDES are joined by GLYCOSIDIC BONDS

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3
Q

What is GLUCOSE?

A

A SINGLE SUGAR used in RESPIRATION

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4
Q

What is GLYCOGEN?

A

A highly BRANCHED POLYSACCHARIDE made up of α-GLUCOSE found in ANIMLAL CELLS
Consists of α 1-4 and α 1-6 GYLCOSIDIC BONDS

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5
Q

What is a GLYCOSIDIC BOND?

A

A bond between SUGAR MOLECULES in DISACCHARIDES and POLYSACCHARIDES

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6
Q

What is a HEXOSE SUGAR?

A

A sugar made up of 6 CARBON ATOMS

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7
Q

What is a HYDROGEN BOND?

A

A chemical bond formed between the +CHARGE on a HYDROGEN ATOM and the -CHARGE on ANOTHER ATOM of an ADJACENT MOLECULE
Often between -O and +H atoms

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8
Q

What is an ISOMER?

A

-COMPOUND with SAME FORMULA
-But DIFFERENT ARRANGEMENT of ATOMS in the MOLECULE
-DIFFERENT CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

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9
Q

What is a REDUCING SUGAR? Name an example

A

A sugar that CANserve as a REDUCING AGENT
An example would be ANY MONOSACHHARIDE

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10
Q

What is a NON-REDUCING SUGAR? Name an example

A

-A sugar that CANNOT serve as a REDUCING AGENT
-An example would be SUCROSE

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11
Q

What is a REDUCING AGENT?

A

A chemical that DONATES ELECTRONS to another ELEMENT or ION, REDUCING the other species

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12
Q

What is a POLYSACCHARIDE?

A

A CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER that is made up of MANY SUGAR UNITS formed by a CONDENSATION REACTION
The MONOSACCHARIDES are joined by a GLYCOSIDIC BOND

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13
Q

What is STARCH?

A

-A POLYSACCHARIDE found in PLANT CELLS made up of α-GLUCOSE
-Comprised of AMYLOSE consisting of α 1-4 GLYCOSIDIC BONDS
-Also AMYLOPECTIN consisting of α 1-6 GLYCOSIDIC BONDS

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14
Q

What is a PENTOSE SUGAR?

A

A sugar that contain 5 CARBON ATOMS

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15
Q

Recite the term ABBA

A

α- ABOVE
β- BELOW
(Referring to the POSITION of H in the STRUCTURE)

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16
Q

What is MALTOSE formed of?

A

2α-GLUCOSE

17
Q

What is LACTOSE formed of?

A

1α-GLUCOSE
1 GALACTOSE

18
Q

What is SUCROSE formed of?

A

1α-GLUCOSE
1 FRUCTOSE

19
Q

How is a POLYSACCHARIDE formed? Name the BONDS present

A

When MORE THAN 2 MONOSACCHARIDES are joined via CONDENSATION REACTION.
Can be formed from GLUCOSE monomers joined by 1-4 or 1-6 GLYCOSIDIC BONDS

20
Q

Define WATER POTENTIAL

A

The POTENTIAL for WATER to MOVE

21
Q

What are the 2 STRUCTURES that MAKE UP STARCH?

A

AMYLOSE and AMYLOPECTIN

22
Q
A