Biological Molecules: Carbohydrates: Basics (DR.A) Flashcards
What is CELLULOSE?
A POLYSACCHARIDE made up of β-GLUCOSE found in PLANT CELLS
Consists of β 1-4 GLYCOSIDIC BONDS
What is a DISSACCHARIDE?
A CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER that is made up of 2 SUGAR UNITS formed by a CONDENSATION REACTION
The MONOSACCHARIDES are joined by GLYCOSIDIC BONDS
What is GLUCOSE?
A SINGLE SUGAR used in RESPIRATION
What is GLYCOGEN?
A highly BRANCHED POLYSACCHARIDE made up of α-GLUCOSE found in ANIMLAL CELLS
Consists of α 1-4 and α 1-6 GYLCOSIDIC BONDS
What is a GLYCOSIDIC BOND?
A bond between SUGAR MOLECULES in DISACCHARIDES and POLYSACCHARIDES
What is a HEXOSE SUGAR?
A sugar made up of 6 CARBON ATOMS
What is a HYDROGEN BOND?
A chemical bond formed between the +CHARGE on a HYDROGEN ATOM and the -CHARGE on ANOTHER ATOM of an ADJACENT MOLECULE
Often between -O and +H atoms
What is an ISOMER?
-COMPOUND with SAME FORMULA
-But DIFFERENT ARRANGEMENT of ATOMS in the MOLECULE
-DIFFERENT CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
What is a REDUCING SUGAR? Name an example
A sugar that CANserve as a REDUCING AGENT
An example would be ANY MONOSACHHARIDE
What is a NON-REDUCING SUGAR? Name an example
-A sugar that CANNOT serve as a REDUCING AGENT
-An example would be SUCROSE
What is a REDUCING AGENT?
A chemical that DONATES ELECTRONS to another ELEMENT or ION, REDUCING the other species
What is a POLYSACCHARIDE?
A CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER that is made up of MANY SUGAR UNITS formed by a CONDENSATION REACTION
The MONOSACCHARIDES are joined by a GLYCOSIDIC BOND
What is STARCH?
-A POLYSACCHARIDE found in PLANT CELLS made up of α-GLUCOSE
-Comprised of AMYLOSE consisting of α 1-4 GLYCOSIDIC BONDS
-Also AMYLOPECTIN consisting of α 1-6 GLYCOSIDIC BONDS
What is a PENTOSE SUGAR?
A sugar that contain 5 CARBON ATOMS
Recite the term ABBA
α- ABOVE
β- BELOW
(Referring to the POSITION of H in the STRUCTURE)
What is MALTOSE formed of?
2α-GLUCOSE
What is LACTOSE formed of?
1α-GLUCOSE
1 GALACTOSE
What is SUCROSE formed of?
1α-GLUCOSE
1 FRUCTOSE
How is a POLYSACCHARIDE formed? Name the BONDS present
When MORE THAN 2 MONOSACCHARIDES are joined via CONDENSATION REACTION.
Can be formed from GLUCOSE monomers joined by 1-4 or 1-6 GLYCOSIDIC BONDS
Define WATER POTENTIAL
The POTENTIAL for WATER to MOVE
What are the 2 STRUCTURES that MAKE UP STARCH?
AMYLOSE and AMYLOPECTIN
