Biological Molecules Flashcards
Carbohydrates - simple sugars
Elements = CHO
Monosaccharides = glucose, fructose
Disaccharides = sucrose, maltose
Polysaccharides = starch, glycogen, cellulose
Energy (short term), respiration
Carbohydrate test
Benedict test (glucose, reducing sugars) = Benedict + water bath —> brick red (a lot), orange/yellow/green (a little)
Starch test = iodine —> blue black
Lipids
Elements = CHO
3 fatty acids + glycerol
Has cell membrane
Energy store, insulation
Lipids tests
Emulsion test = ethanol + water —> cloudy/milky white
Sudan III test = Sudan III stain —> red at the top
Protein
Elements = CHON
20 amino acids
Energy (short term), enzyme activity, growth, repair
Protein test
Biuret test = biuret solution —> purple
Monomers
building blocks of polymers
Enzymes (definition)
biological catalysts, helps speed up reaction, without using it up
Catalyst
speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction, without using a lot of activation energy
Metabolic
Chemical reactions that happen in a cell
How do enzymes work?
Have an active site, collides with the substrate (complementary) using kinetic energy —> enzyme substrate complex, like lock and key, then breaks bonds to create new bonds
Factors that affect the rate of reaction on enzymes
Temperature = more kinetic energy (more collisions), optimum temperature (fastest reactions), after optimum, bonds break (denatured)
PH = after optimum pH, bonds break (denatured)
Substrate/enzyme concentration = more substrate/enzyme to collide with
Temperature on Enzymes experiment
Amylase = starch —> maltose
PH on Enzymes experiment
Buffer solution = reaction rate = amount of bubbles from hydrogen peroxide
Protease breaks down
Protein —> amino acids
