Biological molecules Flashcards
What are monosaccharides
simplist unit of carbohydraet and simplist form of sugar
What are monomers and give examples of what they make
The smaller units from which larger molecules are made eg monosaccharides, amino acid, nucleotides
What does a condensation reaction do
Join 2 molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond and eliminates a water molecule
What are polymers
Molecules made from large number of monomers joined together
What does a hydrolysis reaction do
Break a chemical bond between 2 molecules and uses a water molecule
What is an isomer and example
Compound with same molecular formalar but different structural formulae eg glucose
How are disaccharides formed
Formed by condensation of 2 monosaccharides
Disaccharides: glucoses + glucose=
Maltose
Disaccharides glucose+ fructose =
Sucrose
Disaccharides: glucose+ galactose =
Lactose
How are polysaccharides formed
From condensation of many glucose units
Why is iron important
Needed to make Heamoglobin which is used to carry 02 around body, lack of iron leads to anaemia due to lack of 02 for respiration
Why is phosphate ion important
Used for components of DNA,RNA and ATP
Why is hydrogen ion important
Cause solution to become acidic
Why is sodium ion important
Required to transport glucose ne amino acid across cell membranes, co transport
What is an inorganic ion
An atom which has an electrical charge
What is cohesion
Water molecules stuck together with weak hydrogen bonds, used for surface tension
Why is water being a solvent important
Acts as a transport medium and chemical reactions can occur
Why is water having a high specific heat capacity important
Due to many hydrogen bonds in water, takes a lot of energy to break them- provides habitats and optimum ph for enzymes
Why is water having a large latent heat of vaporisation important
important for regulating temperatre in organisms as water can absorb or release large amount of heat energy withiut changing temperature significantly. cooling effect
What is water in matabolic reactions
It’s a metabolite
