Biological molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

What are monosaccharides

A

simplist unit of carbohydraet and simplist form of sugar

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2
Q

What are monomers and give examples of what they make

A

The smaller units from which larger molecules are made eg monosaccharides, amino acid, nucleotides

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3
Q

What does a condensation reaction do

A

Join 2 molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond and eliminates a water molecule

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4
Q

What are polymers

A

Molecules made from large number of monomers joined together

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5
Q

What does a hydrolysis reaction do

A

Break a chemical bond between 2 molecules and uses a water molecule

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6
Q

What is an isomer and example

A

Compound with same molecular formalar but different structural formulae eg glucose

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7
Q

How are disaccharides formed

A

Formed by condensation of 2 monosaccharides

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8
Q

Disaccharides: glucoses + glucose=

A

Maltose

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9
Q

Disaccharides glucose+ fructose =

A

Sucrose

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10
Q

Disaccharides: glucose+ galactose =

A

Lactose

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11
Q

How are polysaccharides formed

A

From condensation of many glucose units

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12
Q

Why is iron important

A

Needed to make Heamoglobin which is used to carry 02 around body, lack of iron leads to anaemia due to lack of 02 for respiration

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13
Q

Why is phosphate ion important

A

Used for components of DNA,RNA and ATP

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14
Q

Why is hydrogen ion important

A

Cause solution to become acidic

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15
Q

Why is sodium ion important

A

Required to transport glucose ne amino acid across cell membranes, co transport

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16
Q

What is an inorganic ion

A

An atom which has an electrical charge

17
Q

What is cohesion

A

Water molecules stuck together with weak hydrogen bonds, used for surface tension

18
Q

Why is water being a solvent important

A

Acts as a transport medium and chemical reactions can occur

19
Q

Why is water having a high specific heat capacity important

A

Due to many hydrogen bonds in water, takes a lot of energy to break them- provides habitats and optimum ph for enzymes

20
Q

Why is water having a large latent heat of vaporisation important

A

important for regulating temperatre in organisms as water can absorb or release large amount of heat energy withiut changing temperature significantly. cooling effect

21
Q

What is water in matabolic reactions

A

It’s a metabolite