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Bio 1: Lifestyle, Health and Risk > Biological Molcules - Fats > Flashcards

Biological Molcules - Fats Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are lipids made of?

A

Triglycerides

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2
Q

What type of molecule is a triglyceride?

A

A long polymer held together by many bonds

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3
Q

What is a key property of lipids and why?

A

Insoluble - doesn’t cause the cell to swell by osmosis

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4
Q

How are triglycerides found in the body?

A

They form insoluble droplets in cells with hydrophobic tails on outside - micelles

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5
Q

What is a triglyceride made up of?

A
  • 1x glycerol

- 3x fatty acid tails

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6
Q

What bonds hold triglycerides together?

A

Ester bond

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7
Q

Draw a triglyceride

A

See notes

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8
Q

Are the fatty acid tails hydrophobic/hydrophilic?

A

Hydrophobic

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9
Q

Are the glycerol molecules hydrophobic/hydrophilic?

A

Hydrophilic

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10
Q

Where are saturated lipids found?

A

Animal fats

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11
Q

Where are unsaturated lipids found?

A

Plant fats

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12
Q

What does saturated lipids mean?

A

No carbon-carbon double bond between carbon atoms

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13
Q

What does unsaturated lipids mean?

A

Carbon-carbon double bond between carbon atoms

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14
Q

What do the chains of unsaturated lipids contain?

A

Kinks

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15
Q

Do unsaturated/saturated lipids have a higher melting point?

A

Saturated

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16
Q

Define “cholesterol”

A

Type of lipid needed in small amounts for normal body functions

17
Q

What is cholesterol needed for?

A

Maintaining cell membranes

18
Q

How is cholesterol transported in the blood?

A

Attaches to proteins to form lipoproteins

19
Q

What are the two types of lipoprotein?

A
  • LDL : low density lipoprotein

- HDL: high density lipoprotein

20
Q

What are HDLs mainly made of?

A

Protein

21
Q

What do HDLs do? 4

A
  • Lower blood cholesterol
  • Carry cholesterol from blood to liver where it is destroyed
  • Reduce fat deposits
  • Reduce formation of atheroma
22
Q

What are LDLs mainly made of?

A

Lipids

23
Q

What do LDLs do? 5

A
  • Increase blood cholesterol
  • Carry cholesterol from liver to the blood
  • Increase fat deposits
  • Increase formation of atheroma
24
Q

What is the best ratio of HDL:LDL to minimise CVD risk?

A

High HDL:LDL ratio

25
Q

Why does increased LDL/blood cholesterol mean increased CVD risk?

A
  • Increased atheroma
  • Increased blood pressure
  • Increased blood clotting

Bio 1: Lifestyle, Health and Risk (9 decks)

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