Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Biological Membranes > Flashcards

Biological Membranes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a glycoproteins?

A

Protein with a chain of carbohydrate molecules attached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a glycolipid?

A

Lipid/phospholipid with a chain of carbohydrate molecules attached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the plasma membrane?

A

Cell surface membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does permeability refer to?

A

The ability to let substances pass through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What can pass through a partially permeable membrane?

A

Very small molecules can diffuse through
Some substances dissolve in the lipid layer and pass through
Other substances pass through special protein channels or are carried by carrier proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the fluid mosaic model?

A

Theory of cell membrane structure with proteins embedded in a sea of phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Roles of membranes at the surface of cells

A

Separates components from its external environment
Regulates transport in and out
May contain enzymes involved in specific metabolic pathways
Has antigens
May release chemicals
Receptors for cell signalling
May b the site of chemical reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Roles of membranes within cells

A

Large surface area for some reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cholesterols job in surface membranes?

A

Regulates fluidity
Mechanical stability
Resist the effects of temperature change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the glycocalyx

A

Carbohydrate chains outside of the membrane are very hydrophilic and attract water with dissolved solutes, helping the cell interact with its watery environment and obtain dissolved substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration of that molecule to an area of low concentration; it may or may not be across a membrane; it does not involve metabolic energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration of that molecule to an area of low concentration, across a partially permeable membrane via protein channels or carriers; it does not involve metabolic energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are processes described as passive?

A

Only use kinetic energy and not ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is it called when there is no diffusion gradient?

A

Equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

5 factors that effect simple diffusion?

A 
Temperature 
Diffusion distance 
Surface area
Size of diffusion molecules 
Concentration gradient
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What molecules need facilitated diffusion?

A

Small molecules with polarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do small polar molecules get through the cell membrane?

A

Diffuse through water filled protein channels embedded in membrane

18
Q

What does cholesterol do the the permeability?

A

Reduce permeability to small water soluble molecules

19
Q

How does glucose get through the cell membrane?

A

Bind with transmembrane carrier protein which allow them to pass though

20
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Passage of water molecules down their water potential gradient, across a partially permeable membrane

21
Q

What is water potential?

A

Measure of the tendency of water molecules to diffuse from one region to another

22
Q

What are aquaporins?

A

Protein channels which allow water to cross the membrane more rapidly

23
Q

What is water measured in?

A

Kilo pascals

24
Q

What is it called when water enters animal cells causing them to swell and burst?

A

Cytolysis

25
Q

What is it called when plant cells swell?

A

Become turgid

26
Q

What is it called when water leaves animal cells

A

Crenated

27
Q

What is it called when water leaves Plant cells

A

Plasmolysis. Described as flaccid

28
Q

What is active transport?

A

The movement of substances against their concentration gradient across a cell membrane, using ATP and protein carriers

29
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

Bulk transport of molecules, too large to pass through a cell membrane even via channel or carrier protein, into a cell

30
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

Bulk transport of molecules, too large to pass through a cell membrane even bio channel or carrier protein, out of the cell

31
Q

What provides the energy for active transport?

A

Energy provided by the hydrolysis of ATP

32
Q

Describe carrier proteins roles

A

They have specific sites that combine reversibly with only certain solute molecules or ions
Also have region that binds to and allows hydrolysis of ATP
Energy helps the carrier protein change its conformation and in doing so carries ions across the membrane

33
Q

What is bulk transport?

A

A process that requires ATP and allows substances which are too big to pass through the membrane pass through

34
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

How large molecules may be brought into the cell

Segment of the plasma membrane surrounds and encloses the particle and brings it in, in a vesicle

35
Q

What word refers to the intake of solid matter?

A

Phagocytosis

36
Q

What word refers to the intake of liquids?

A

Pinoendocytosis

37
Q

Why is energy needed in endocytosis?

A

To form a vesicle and move them using molecular motor proteins along the cytoskeleton

38
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

How large molecules may be exported out of cells. Don’t pass through plasma membrane. Vesicle fuses instead

39
Q

Why does exocytosis require ATP?

A

Fuse the vesicle and move the vesicle. A molecule of ATP is hydrolysed for every step that a motor protein takes along the cytoskeleton thread, as it drags cargo

40
Q

What affect does temperature dropping have on cells

A

Saturated fatty acid become compressed
Many unsaturated fatty acids making up cell membrane, become compressed the kinks in their tails push adjacent phospholipids molecules away
Maintains fluidity
Proportions of saturated and unsaturated determine membranes fluidity at low temperatures
Cholesterol buffers the effect of lowered temperature to prevent reduction in membrane fluidity
Prevent phospholipids packing together

41
Q

What affect does temperature increasing have on cells

A

Increase fluidity
Permeability increases
Effects embedded proteins rate of reaction
May affect unfolding during phagocytosis
Change the ability of cell signalling
Cholesterol buffers to some extent

42
Q

What does high temperature to proteins?

A

Cause atoms within molecules to vibrate and this breaks ionic and hydrogen bonds that holds the structure
Tertiary structure changes therefore they denature

Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions