Biological membranes Flashcards

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1
Q

CSM roles

A

-separates cell components from the outside of the cell
-transport substances in and out of the cell
-contains enzymes
-cell signalling -> releases chemicals and contains receptors
-the site of some chemical reactions

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2
Q

why is the fluid mosaic model used to show the phospholipid bilayer?

A

-phospholipids move like they are in a fluid
-looks like a mosaic due to the proteins scattered through the layer

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3
Q

glycoproteins

A

-made up of proteins and sugar molecule (molecules that consist of a carbohydrate plus a protein)
—recognition sites
—antigens

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4
Q

glycolipids

A

-made up of lipids and sugar molecule (molecules that consist of carbohydrates plus a lipid)
—similar to glycoproteins
—also stabilise membrane through H-bonds with water

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5
Q

phospholipid molecules

A

they have a ‘head’ which is hydrophilic and a ‘tail’ which is hydrophobic

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6
Q

hydrophilic

A

attracts water (capable of interacting with water through H-bonding)

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7
Q

hydrophobic

A

tends to repel water (won’t interact with water through H-bonding)

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8
Q

intrinsic proteins

A

-proteins that pass through both layers
-channel or carrier proteins

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9
Q

extrinsic proteins

A

-on the surface on cell membrane
-can act as enzymes

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10
Q

(simple) diffusion

A

the random movement of particles from an area of high to low concentration through a partially-permeable membrane

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11
Q

where can simple diffusion occur and why?

A

in small molecules only e.g. oxygen, carbon dioxide and steroids, because they are all non-polar, and the steroid hormones are fat-soluble

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12
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

the transport of larger, polar, and water soluble molecules across the phospholipid bilayer with the help of channel proteins

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13
Q

how does oxygen diffuse across the bilayer?

A

with simple diffusion because it is a small, non-polar molecule

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14
Q

how does water diffuse across the bilayer?

A

with facilitated diffusion because it is a larger, polar molecule

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15
Q

how do steroid hormones diffuse across the bilayer?

A

with simple diffusion because it is fat-soluble

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16
Q

factors affecting simple diffusion:

A

-temperature
-concentration gradient
-surface area
-diffusion distance
-size of molecules/particles