Biological Industries Flashcards
What are Micro-organisms?
Microscopic living organisms
What are the most common types of microbes used in the industries?
Bacterial and Fungal microbes
What properties do microbes have that are useful for the industries?
1.Rapid growth
2.Diverse use of food sources
3.Wide range of products produced
How does yeast turn into alcohol?
Fermentation
What is the process called in which milk is made into cheese?
Pasteurisation
What enzyme is used to break down the milk?
Rennet
What is Fermentation?
Fermentation is a biological reaction used by yeast to breakdown sugar.
What is the word equation for fermentation?
Glucose->Carbon dioxide(baking industry)+Ethanol(brewing industry)+Energy(used for growth)
What can be made using fermentation?
Alcohol, bread and baked goods
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speeds up chemical reactions
What is the enzyme word equation?
Substrate-Enzyme->Product
What enzyme breaks down starch?
Amylase
What enzyme breaks down fat?
Lipase
What enzyme breaks down hydrogen peroxide?
Catalase
What is the differences between Biological and Non-Biological detergent?
Biological:
- Enzymes
- Lower Temperature
- Helps breakdown fatty, greasy and starchy compounds
- Can fade colours
Non-Biological:
- No enzymes
- Higher Temperature
- Might not fade colours
What can DNA profiling be used for?
DNA profiling can be used to solve crimes, settle paternity suits and assess health risks. This is because everyone’s DNA is unique
What are stem cells?
Stem cells are unspecified cells which can divide to self renew or develop into any kind of specialised cell
What is an embryonic stem cell
Completely unspecialised so can become any type of cell
What is a adult stem cell?
Specialised cells so can only self renew into specific cell types
What can stem cells be used for in medicine?
Stem cells have been used in research and medicine to grow new human tissue or research disease
Why is stem cell technology controversial?
To get an embryonic stem cell, you need to take it from an early stage embryo’s, destroying a potential life
What are harmful microbes called?
Pathogens
What are used to treat a bacterial infection?
Antibiotics
What are used to treat a viral infection?
Vaccine
What are used to treat a fungal infection?
Antifungals
What is a GMO?
A genetically modified organism
What is taken from a bacterial cell in genetic engineering?
Plasmids
