Biological Diversity - Section 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are heritable traits?

A

Passed down from generation to generation

Examples: eye colour, hair type, skin colour

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2
Q

What is discrete variation?

A

Differences in characteristics that have defined form

Examples: either have blue eyes or not

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3
Q

What are continuous variations?

A

Differences in characteristics that have a range in form

Example: height

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4
Q

Variation caused by the interactions with the environment are ______ _________.

A

Not heritable

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5
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

Involves only one parent. All the resulting offspring are genetically identical to the parent

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6
Q

What are some examples of asexual reproduction?

A
Binary fission
Budding
Spore production 
Vegetable reproduction or propagation
Regeneration
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7
Q

What is binary fission?

A

A cell splits exactly in half producing two identical individuals. This is how many one-celled organisms reproduce

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8
Q

What is budding?

A

The parent produces a small bud, or a smaller version of itself. The bud eventually pinched itself off the parent.

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9
Q

What is spore production?

A

Spores are similar to seeds, but are produced by the division of cells of the parent

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10
Q

What is vegetable reproduction/propagation?

A

The reproduction of a plant that does not involve the formation of a seed. Some plants will grow “runners”, others from tubers and bulbs, and many have roots that will form suckers

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11
Q

What is regeneration?

A

The process of an organism either regrowing a missing appendage, or growing a whole new organism from its own separated body parts

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12
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

Usually involves two parent organisms. This reproduction occurs in both animals and flowering plants, and results in offspring that are a unique genetic combination of characteristics from both parents

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13
Q

What are gametes?

A

Specialized cells involved in the process of sexual reproduction

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14
Q

What is a zygote cell?

A

The cell created by the joining of two gametes

The first cell of a new individual

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15
Q

What is the process called cleavage?

A

When the zygote divides into two cells

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16
Q

What is an embryo?

A

Continued division of the zygote forms a multicellular life formed called an embryo

17
Q

What is sexual reproduction in plants?

A

Requires the joining of a male and female hamate to produce a zygote and an embryo

Most plants produce both male and female gametes

18
Q

What is pollen in a plant?

A

Pollen contains the male gametes of a plant.

Pollen is found in the stamen, or male part of the plant

19
Q

What are ovules in a plant?

A

Ovules contain the female gametes of a plant

Ovules are found in the pistil or female part of the plant

20
Q

What is pollination?

A

Occurs when pollen is transferred from the anther of the stamen to the stigma of the pistil

21
Q

What is fertilization?

A

Occurs when the male or female gametes unite

22
Q

What is cross-pollination?

A

Occurs when the pollen of one plant is carried to the stigma of another by wind, water or animals.

23
Q

What is cross-fertilization?

A

Occurs when a grain of pollen produces a long tube that eventually grows down the style into the ovary that contains the ovules.

24
Q

What is an advantage of asexual reproduction?

A

Can produce lots of individuals very quickly

25
Q

What is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

A

Produces no variation in heritable characteristics. Variation helps species survive the environment

26
Q

What is an advantage of sexual reproduction?

A

Provides a lot of variation to help species survive environmental changes

27
Q

What is a disadvantage of sexual reproduction?

A

Takes a lot of energy and only reproduces a limited number of offspring