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Biology > Biological Classification > Flashcards

Biological Classification Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who was the first one to attempt biological classification?

A

Aristotle

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2
Q

What did Linnaeus propose?

A

Two kingdom classification systems - plantar and animalia.

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3
Q

Who proposed the five kingdom classification?

A

R. H. Whittaker in 1969

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4
Q

What is the five kingdom classification?

A

Monera, protista, fungi, plantae and animalia

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5
Q

How was monera further classified?

A

Three domain system divided Monera into two domains, leaving the remaining to third domain thus forming a six kingdom classification.

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6
Q

Which organisms were grouped under Monera and protista?

A

All prokaryotic organisms under Monera and unicellular eukaryotic organisms under protista

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7
Q

Who are the sole members of the kingdom Monera?

A

Bacteria

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8
Q

What are the 4 categories of bacteria?

A

Cocci (spherical coccus)
Bacilli (rod shaped bacillus)
Vibrio (comma shaped vibrium)
Spirilla (spiral spirillum)

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9
Q

What are the two types of bacteria?

A

Archaebacteria
Eubacteria

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10
Q

Where are archaebacteria found?

A

In harsh habitats
Halophils - extreme salty areas
Thermoacidophils - hot springs
Methanogens - marshy areas

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11
Q

Where are methanogens also found?

A

They are found in the gut of ruminant animals like cows and responsible for the production of methane from dung.

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12
Q

What are eubacteria?

A

They are true bacteria characterised by the presence of rigid cell walls.

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13
Q

What are cyanobacteria?

A

Blue green algae that have chlorophyll a and are photosynthetic autotrophs

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14
Q

What is the structure of cyanobacteria?

A

They are unicellular, colonial or filamentous and found in fresh water, marine or terrestrial. Colonies are surrounded by gelatinous sheath and it blooms in polluted water bodies

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15
Q

What is heterocyst?

A

Specialised cells that fix atmospheric nitrogen. Eg : nostoc, anabaena

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16
Q

What are chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria?

A

It oxidises inorganic substances like nitrates, nitrites and ammonia and uses it for the production of ATP.
They recycle nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and sulphur.

17
Q

What is heterotrophic bacteria?

A

They are the most abundant and important decomposers. They help in making curd from milk, production of antibodies, fixing nitrogen in legume roots.
Some are pathogens and cause damage to crops, humans and animals

18
Q

List some diseases caused by bacteria.

A

Cholera, typhoid, tetanus, citrus canker.

19
Q

How does bacteria reproduce?

A

By fission.
In unfavorable condition by producing spores.
Sexually by the transfer of primitive DNA from one to another.

20
Q

What is mycoplasma?

A

Organisms that lack cell walls.
Smallest living cell and can survive without oxygen. Pathogenic to animals and plants.

21
Q

Write about kingdom protista.

A

It contains all single cell eukaryotes. Primarily aquatic and form links with plants, animals and fungi.

22
Q

What is the structure and reproduction method of protista?

A

Cell body contains well defined nucleus and other membrane bound organelles. Have flagella or cilia.
Asexual reproduction by cell fusion and sexually by zygote formation.

23
Q

What are the five types of kingdom protista ?

A

Chrysophytes
Dinoflagellates
Euglenoids
Slime moulds
Protozoans

24
Q

Write about chrysophytes.

A

It includes diatoms and desmids.
Found in fresh and marine water, floats passively in water.
Photosynthetic
Have two layers of cell wall and an embedded silicon.

25
Q

What is diatomaceous earth?

A

Accumulation of cell wall deposits of diatoms. It is used for polishing, filtration of oil and syrup.
Diatoms are the chief producers in the ocean .

26
Q

Write the morphology of dinoflagellates.

A

Marine and photosynthetic.
Yellow, green, blue, red or brown depending on the main pigment in their cells.
Cell walls have cellulose on the outer surface.
Two flagella - one longitudinal and other transverse.
Release toxins

27
Q

Why does the sea appear red?

A

Red dinoflagellates undergo rapid multiplication that they make the sea appear red. Eg gonyaulax

Biology (4 decks)

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