biological approach to explaining OCD

Question 1

genetic explanations for OCD

Answer 1

OCD is believed to be inherited, involving specific candidate genes and a polygenic condition

Question 2

two genes linked to OCD

Answer 2

COMT gene
SERT gene
- These genes are associated with neurotransmitter regulation and transport

Question 3

COMT gene

Answer 3

regulates production of dopamine

Question 4

diathesis stress

Answer 4

the idea of a simple link between one gene and complex disorder like OCD is unlikely

Question 5

serotonin

Answer 5

regulates mood; lower levels are associated with mood disorders, including OCD
- SERT gene is linked to serotonin transport issues

Question 6

What neurotransmitter is associated with compulsive behaviors in OCD

Answer 6

Dopamine

Question 7

What brain regions are implicated in OCD

Answer 7

Basal ganglia
Orbitofrontal cortex
- Abnormal circuits in these areas are associated with OCD symptoms

Question 8

polygenic

Answer 8

involvement of up to 230 different genes

Question 9

strengths

Answer 9

✅ Strong genetic evidence
→ Example: Nestadt et al. (2010) found people with a first-degree relative with OCD were 5 times more likely to develop it.

✅ Support from brain imaging
→ Example: Abnormalities in areas such as the orbitofrontal cortex and caudate nucleus have been linked to OCD

Question 10

limitations

Answer 10

❌ Not entirely genetic
→ Example: Concordance rates in identical twins are never 100%, suggesting environmental factors play a role.

❌ Reductionist
→ Example: Overlooks cognitive, emotional, and social influences in the development of OCD