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IB Psychology > Biological Approach to Behavior > Flashcards

Biological Approach to Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is not an example of a physiological factor?

A

Stress in the workplace

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2
Q

Which of the following statements is not true about the biological approach?

A

Often behaviours can be described by a single biological factor.

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3
Q

Biologists argue that when genes interact with the environment, they are “turned on” or “turned off.” This process is known as

A

Gene expression

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4
Q

Which of the following is not a reason for carrying out research on animals?

A

Reseachers are not bound to ethical considerations like they are in human research.

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5
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a case study?

A

They can be replicated in order to establish reliability

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6
Q

Which of the following is an example of triangulation?

A

Having more than one researcher observe an individual and gather data

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7
Q

To what extent is it possible to generalize from a single case study?

A

A single case study must be compared to other similar case studies to identify a trend.

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8
Q

Which of the following is not a conclusion that we can draw from the HM study?

A

Memory is stored in the hippocampus.

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9
Q

Which brain imaging technique could be considered invasive?

A

PET scans

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10
Q

Which of the following is true about the use of brain imaging techniques in the study of brain?

A

The emotional state of an individual being scanned can interfere with the quality of the data collected.

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11
Q

What is a key difference between and MRI and an fMRI?

A

MRI’s show the structure of the brain; fMRIs show the functioning brain.

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12
Q

Which of the following is an example of localization of function?

A

The hippocampus transfers information from short-term memory to long-term memory

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13
Q

Which lobe is responsible for processing visual information?

A

Occipital lobe

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14
Q

Which of the following might be a symptom of damage to the frontal lobe?

A

Inability to predict an outcome or solve a problem.

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15
Q

If there was damage to the amygdala, which symptom might we observe?

A

Inability to form emotional memories

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16
Q

Which part of the neuron is most affected by learning?

A

The dendrites

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17
Q

Which of the following is not true of Rosenzweig, Bennett & Diamond’s (1972) study?

A

The experiment was able to control for extraneous (confounding) variables.

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18
Q

According to Carrion (2009), what effect can stress in the environment have on the brain of children?

A

Cognitive impairment caused by a smaller hippocampus

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19
Q

What research method did Maguire use for her study of brain plasticity in taxi drivers?

A

A quasi experiment using a single blind control.

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20
Q

What happens to the neurotransmitters after they are released into the synapse?

A

They are broken down by enzymes or reabsorbed by the terminal buttons.

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21
Q

Looking at the list of neurotransmitters in this chapter, which ones do you think are involved in falling in love?

A

All of the above

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22
Q

Research by Rogers & Kesner supported the theory that acetylcholine plays a role in

A

The transfer of memory from short-term memory to long-term memory

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23
Q

What was the control condition in the study by Rogers and Kesner?

A

The injection with a saline solution

24
Q

Which of the following is not a key difference between neurotransmitters and hormones?

A

Hormones are produced and released in the brain.

25
Q

Looking at the list of hormones, which one do you think is most likely to be linked to post-traumatic stress disorder?

A

Neuropeptide Y

26
Q

Which of the following is a function of adrenaline?

A

The creation of emotional memories

27
Q

What was the role of the beta-blocker in McGaugh & Cahill’s (1995) study?

A

It inhibited the release of adrenaline and prevented the creation of emotional memories.

28
Q

Which of the following statements is true about human pheromones?

A

There are no known human pheromones.

29
Q

What is the key limitation of the study by Mcclintock on the role of pheromones on women’s menstrual cycles?

A

The study has never been replicated.

30
Q

Which of the following is true about Zhou’s study on signalling pheromones in humans?

A

There may be low construct validity - it is not clear that sexual behaviour is actually being measured.

31
Q

Which of the following makes the existence of human pheromones less likely?

A

All of the above.

32
Q

Those who study the role of genetics in human behaviour make the assumption that

A

Behaviour has a biological origin

33
Q

The theory that our genes make us vulnerable to certain behaviours that may develop as a result of environmental stimuli is called …

A

Diathesis Stress Model

34
Q

The key accomplishment of the Human Genome Project was

A

Determining how many genes humans have and their location on chromosomes.

35
Q

If the concordance rate of a trait in MZ twins is 0.20 and the concordance rate in DZ twins is 0.16, what may this mean?

A

There may be no genetic link to the behaviour; the behaviour is most likely the result of environmental factors.

36
Q

Which of the following is a limitation of twin studies?

A

The samples are not representative.

37
Q

A researcher wants to do a family study (aka - a pedigree study) on homosexuality. What would be a difficulty with this approach?

A

There may be assumptions made about the behaviour of family members.

38
Q

Which of the following is an example of a prospective study?

A

Studying children of people living with schizophrenia to see if they develop the disorder in their adulthood.

39
Q

What is an advantage of an adoption study in determining the level of genetic inheritence on behaviour?

A

The researcher can determine the role of environmental and genetic factors by seeing if the adopted children share the behaviours of their biological parents.

40
Q

What does a Manhattan plot show researchers?

A

Which genes appear more frequently with a specific behaviour and where they are located.

41
Q

The field of epigenetics studies ….

A

the interaction of genetic inheritence and environmental stimuli

42
Q

Why is the concordance rate of monozygotous (MZ) twins almost never 100%

A

Even though both twins have all the same genes, those genes are not all expressed.

43
Q

What assumption does Caspi et al (2003) make about the origin of depression?

A

That it is caused by a lower rate of serotonin

44
Q

What conclusion did Caspi et al draw from their study of the 5-HTT gene?

A

Depression was the result of the combination of genetic inheritence and negative life experiences.

45
Q

Which of the following variables could have an effect on the results of the study by Caspi et al?

A

All of the above

46
Q

The theory that those who adapt best to the environment will have a greater chance of surviving and passing on their genes is known as …

A

Natural selection

47
Q

Which of the following statements is not an assumption held by evolutionary psychologists?

A

All behaviour is the result of natural selection.

48
Q

What is Raison & Miller’s theory about the role of depression in human behaviour?

A

Depression causes us to withdraw away from harmful pathogens in the environment when our immune system is weakened.

49
Q

According to genetic research, the gene for which hormone is linked to depression?

A

Neuropeptide Y

50
Q

How did Raison et al (2013) test their hypothesis that depression is linked to the body’s immune response?

A

An experiment where they Injected depressed patients with an anti-inflammatory drug and measuring the level of their symptoms.

51
Q

Which of the following is not a limitation of evolutionary arguments for depression?

A

There is no evidence that depression may be genetic.

52
Q

Which of the following is an example of stigmatization?

A

When you are not given a job because your genetic code shows that may develop bipolar disorder.

53
Q

Which of the following is not an ethical concern in genetic research?

A

All of these are ethical considerations in genetic research.

54
Q

What was the key finding of Wilhelm et al’s (2009) study on participant attitudes toward genetic testing?

A

Participants felt more positive feelings than negative feelings about receiving results that they had the 5HHT allele for depression.

55
Q

Which terms describes what potentially might happen when you get a genetic test result that says that you have a gene related to depression and then you begin to show the symptoms?

A

Self-fulfilling prophecy

56
Q

Which of the following statements is not true regarding genetic inheritance?

A

Genetics is destiny.

IB Psychology (4 decks)

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