Biological Approach to Behavior Flashcards
Which of the following is not an example of a physiological factor?
Stress in the workplace
Which of the following statements is not true about the biological approach?
Often behaviours can be described by a single biological factor.
Biologists argue that when genes interact with the environment, they are “turned on” or “turned off.” This process is known as
Gene expression
Which of the following is not a reason for carrying out research on animals?
Reseachers are not bound to ethical considerations like they are in human research.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a case study?
They can be replicated in order to establish reliability
Which of the following is an example of triangulation?
Having more than one researcher observe an individual and gather data
To what extent is it possible to generalize from a single case study?
A single case study must be compared to other similar case studies to identify a trend.
Which of the following is not a conclusion that we can draw from the HM study?
Memory is stored in the hippocampus.
Which brain imaging technique could be considered invasive?
PET scans
Which of the following is true about the use of brain imaging techniques in the study of brain?
The emotional state of an individual being scanned can interfere with the quality of the data collected.
What is a key difference between and MRI and an fMRI?
MRI’s show the structure of the brain; fMRIs show the functioning brain.
Which of the following is an example of localization of function?
The hippocampus transfers information from short-term memory to long-term memory
Which lobe is responsible for processing visual information?
Occipital lobe
Which of the following might be a symptom of damage to the frontal lobe?
Inability to predict an outcome or solve a problem.
If there was damage to the amygdala, which symptom might we observe?
Inability to form emotional memories
Which part of the neuron is most affected by learning?
The dendrites
Which of the following is not true of Rosenzweig, Bennett & Diamond’s (1972) study?
The experiment was able to control for extraneous (confounding) variables.
According to Carrion (2009), what effect can stress in the environment have on the brain of children?
Cognitive impairment caused by a smaller hippocampus
What research method did Maguire use for her study of brain plasticity in taxi drivers?
A quasi experiment using a single blind control.
What happens to the neurotransmitters after they are released into the synapse?
They are broken down by enzymes or reabsorbed by the terminal buttons.
Looking at the list of neurotransmitters in this chapter, which ones do you think are involved in falling in love?
All of the above
Research by Rogers & Kesner supported the theory that acetylcholine plays a role in
The transfer of memory from short-term memory to long-term memory
What was the control condition in the study by Rogers and Kesner?
The injection with a saline solution
Which of the following is not a key difference between neurotransmitters and hormones?
Hormones are produced and released in the brain.
Looking at the list of hormones, which one do you think is most likely to be linked to post-traumatic stress disorder?
Neuropeptide Y
Which of the following is a function of adrenaline?
The creation of emotional memories
What was the role of the beta-blocker in McGaugh & Cahill’s (1995) study?
It inhibited the release of adrenaline and prevented the creation of emotional memories.
Which of the following statements is true about human pheromones?
There are no known human pheromones.
What is the key limitation of the study by Mcclintock on the role of pheromones on women’s menstrual cycles?
The study has never been replicated.
Which of the following is true about Zhou’s study on signalling pheromones in humans?
There may be low construct validity - it is not clear that sexual behaviour is actually being measured.
Which of the following makes the existence of human pheromones less likely?
All of the above.
Those who study the role of genetics in human behaviour make the assumption that
Behaviour has a biological origin
The theory that our genes make us vulnerable to certain behaviours that may develop as a result of environmental stimuli is called …
Diathesis Stress Model
The key accomplishment of the Human Genome Project was
Determining how many genes humans have and their location on chromosomes.
If the concordance rate of a trait in MZ twins is 0.20 and the concordance rate in DZ twins is 0.16, what may this mean?
There may be no genetic link to the behaviour; the behaviour is most likely the result of environmental factors.
Which of the following is a limitation of twin studies?
The samples are not representative.
A researcher wants to do a family study (aka - a pedigree study) on homosexuality. What would be a difficulty with this approach?
There may be assumptions made about the behaviour of family members.
Which of the following is an example of a prospective study?
Studying children of people living with schizophrenia to see if they develop the disorder in their adulthood.
What is an advantage of an adoption study in determining the level of genetic inheritence on behaviour?
The researcher can determine the role of environmental and genetic factors by seeing if the adopted children share the behaviours of their biological parents.
What does a Manhattan plot show researchers?
Which genes appear more frequently with a specific behaviour and where they are located.
The field of epigenetics studies ….
the interaction of genetic inheritence and environmental stimuli
Why is the concordance rate of monozygotous (MZ) twins almost never 100%
Even though both twins have all the same genes, those genes are not all expressed.
What assumption does Caspi et al (2003) make about the origin of depression?
That it is caused by a lower rate of serotonin
What conclusion did Caspi et al draw from their study of the 5-HTT gene?
Depression was the result of the combination of genetic inheritence and negative life experiences.
Which of the following variables could have an effect on the results of the study by Caspi et al?
All of the above
The theory that those who adapt best to the environment will have a greater chance of surviving and passing on their genes is known as …
Natural selection
Which of the following statements is not an assumption held by evolutionary psychologists?
All behaviour is the result of natural selection.
What is Raison & Miller’s theory about the role of depression in human behaviour?
Depression causes us to withdraw away from harmful pathogens in the environment when our immune system is weakened.
According to genetic research, the gene for which hormone is linked to depression?
Neuropeptide Y
How did Raison et al (2013) test their hypothesis that depression is linked to the body’s immune response?
An experiment where they Injected depressed patients with an anti-inflammatory drug and measuring the level of their symptoms.
Which of the following is not a limitation of evolutionary arguments for depression?
There is no evidence that depression may be genetic.
Which of the following is an example of stigmatization?
When you are not given a job because your genetic code shows that may develop bipolar disorder.
Which of the following is not an ethical concern in genetic research?
All of these are ethical considerations in genetic research.
What was the key finding of Wilhelm et al’s (2009) study on participant attitudes toward genetic testing?
Participants felt more positive feelings than negative feelings about receiving results that they had the 5HHT allele for depression.
Which terms describes what potentially might happen when you get a genetic test result that says that you have a gene related to depression and then you begin to show the symptoms?
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Which of the following statements is not true regarding genetic inheritance?
Genetics is destiny.
