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Jess Cornthwaite Psychology > Biological Approach > Flashcards

Biological Approach Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a PET scan?

A

Positron Emission Tomography - radioactive glucose injected into bloodstream. Parts of brain active during a task use most blood flow so shows activity. Average activity over 60 sec only

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2
Q

What is a MRI scan?

A

Provides detail on structure only. Magnetic resonance imaging

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3
Q

What is a fMRI scan?

A

Functional magnetic resonance imaging. Shows structure and function

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4
Q

What is an EEG?

A

Electro enchapolograph. Measures electrical brain waves. Can show abnormalities

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5
Q

What is ERP?

A

Measure of brain response (electrical) when performing a set task

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6
Q

Who studied taxi drivers?

A

Maguire (2000)

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7
Q

What did Maguire find?

A

Taxi drivers in London had a larger hippocampus than a control group of non- taxi drivers. It was a natural experiment on men with an average age of 44. Concluded that the hippocampus was responsible for spatial representation of the environment

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8
Q

What are the 3 main assumptions of the BA?

A

Behaviour can be understood by looking at genes, hormones, the nervous system and evolution
Everything that is psychological was first biological
NHA research can inform us about human behaviour

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9
Q

Who studied MZ and DZ twins and schizophrenia ?

A

Gottesman (1991)

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10
Q

What did Gottesman find?

A

That MZ twins had a 48% concordance rate whereas DZ had 17%

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11
Q

What does DZ stand for?

A

Dizygotic- non-identical

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12
Q

What does MZ stand for?

A

Monozygotic- identical

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13
Q

What is a concordance rate?

A

The rate that people will share the same disorder

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14
Q

Heston (1966) conducted an adoption study and found that 5 of the 47 adopted children whose biological mother had schizophrenia developed it themselves (comp to 0 controls). What does this show?

A

Schizophrenia has a genetic basis but it is not the whole story

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15
Q

Define genotype

A

The genes a person has

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16
Q

Define phenotype

A

The characteristics that the genes produce, eg curly hair

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17
Q

Who studied mate preference?

A

Buss (1989)

18
Q

What did Buss find?

A

That in almost all of his 37 samples throughout the world, men sought young, attractive women whilst women sough older, ambitious males. Implies an evolutionary basis to attraction.

19
Q

What did Singh find?

A

A preference for 0.69 hip-to-waist ratio in women (by men). Supports Buss

20
Q

Is serotonin a hormone or a neurotransmitter?

A

Neurotransmitter

21
Q

Is oestrogen a hormone or neurotransmitter?

A

Hormone

22
Q

What is the function of the endocrine system?

A

To regulate bodily functions

23
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus?

A

To control the pituitary gland

24
Q

Which is the master gland?

A

The pituitary gland. It releases hormones that control the others

25
Q

What is another name for the endocrine system?

A

The hormonal system

26
Q

How do hormones have an effect?

A

Diffuse with blood and travel round the body to target organs - can only bind to specific receptors though (target cells)

27
Q

What does the pineal gland produce?

A

Melatonin - controls sleep

28
Q

What does the thyroid gland produce?

A

Thyroxine. Regulates growth

29
Q

What does the parathyroid produce?

A

Parathyroid hormone - controls levels of minerals, eg calcium - which also helps growth

30
Q

What does the thymus gland do?

A

Regulates immune system

31
Q

What do the adrenal glands do?

A

Regulate stress response. Contains 2 parts - adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla

32
Q

What does the pancreas produce?

A

Insulin and glucagon - blood sugar regulation

33
Q

What do the gonads produce?

A

Ovaries - oestrogen

Testes - testosterone

34
Q

What does NOT increase during fight or flight?

A

Digestion activity

35
Q

Which part of the nervous system is involved in fight or flight?

A

Autonomic- sympathetic branch - speeds things up and stimulates behavioural response. It is automatic - by-passes consciousness

36
Q

What can you do to reduce stress and an exam and trigger your PNS?

A

Breathe deeply

37
Q

Which structure triggers fight or flight?

A

Hypothalamus

38
Q

What is a synapse?

A

Junction between cells/neurone

39
Q

What is a synaptic cleft?

A

The gap

40
Q

State one strength and one weakness of the BA?

A

Strength - evidence based (empirical) and scientific

Weakness - reductionist

Jess Cornthwaite Psychology (6 decks)

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