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Pathobiology > Biological agents of disease > Flashcards

Biological agents of disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure of an influenza virion and how does it enter the cell?

A
  • Enveloped
  • RNA virus
  • Endocytosis of whole virion, forming enocytic vesicles
  • Vesicle acidified and the envelope fuses with the membrane
  • Coat protein and RNA released into the cell separately
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2
Q

What can listeria monocytogenes do?

A
  • Creates an actin tail, which propells the bacterium around the cell
  • May push into the plasma membrane of neighbouring cell and can enter the cell
  • No need to leave cell
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3
Q

What is the zipper mechanism?

A
  • Receptors on the bacterium interact with receptors on the cell
  • Cascade causes the engulfing of the bacterium
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4
Q

How does c-src proto-oncogene become an oncogene?

A
  • Integrated into the viral genome
  • Changed as integrated (v-src)
  • No C terminus so can’t be phosphorylated to turn off the kinase
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5
Q

What is class II of the Baltimore classification?

A

ssDNA, either + or -

- uses host DNA-d-DNA-p to make double strand

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6
Q

What is the structure of a adenovirus virion and how does it enter the cell?

A
  • DNA virus
  • No envelope
  • Endocytosis
  • Into early endosome
  • Lyses the membrane
  • Enters the nucleus
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7
Q

What secretes listeriolyisin O and what does this do?

A
  • Listeria monocytogenes (taken up by the zipper mechanism)
  • Breaks down the phagosome (low pH)
  • But broken down in the cytoplasm (high pH)
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8
Q

What does P53 protein do?

A

Prevents transcription, safety mechanism

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9
Q

What does Rb protein do?

A

Binds to cell proliferation factor, preventing proliferation

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10
Q

Which bacteria has pathogenicity islands?

A

Salmonella

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11
Q

What class of virus is influenza?

A

V

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12
Q

What does Leguonella pneumophilla do?

A
  • When inhaled it is phagocytosed

- Replicates inside the phagosome and prevents fusion with the endosome

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13
Q

What is the structure of a HIV virion and how does it enter the cell?

A
  • Enveloped
  • RNA virus
  • Envelope fuses with host membrane
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14
Q

What is class VI of the Baltimore classification?

A

RETROVIRUSES

1) + ssRNA
2) Carries reverse transcriptase to make - strand cDNA
3) Makes dsDNA
4) Integrates into host genome
5) Uses host DNA-d-RNA-p to make coat protein
6) Moves into other cells

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15
Q

What is class V of the Baltimore classification?

A
  • strand ssRNA
    Carries RNA-d-RNA-p
    Makes + strand RNA
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16
Q

What does the Pertussis toxin do?

A

Interferes with chemotactic pathways of the neutorphills

17
Q

What does the type III secretion system do?

A
  • Acts like a syringe

- Injects toxins/ effector proteins into another cell

18
Q

Which bacteria has virulence plasmid?

A

Shigella

19
Q

2 examples of a retrovirus?

A

AIDS

Leukemia

20
Q

What is class IV of the Baltimore classification?

A

+ strand ssRNA

Makes RNA-d-RNA-p

21
Q

How do papillovirus cause cancer?

A

E6 binds to P53
E7 binds to Rb

  • Inactivate them, too much proliferation
22
Q

What is class I of the Baltimore classification?

A

dsDNA

23
Q

What class of virus is polio virus?

A

IV

24
Q

How does E coli use the type III secretion system?

A
  • Injects Tir into the cell
  • Tir integrates into the plasma membrane of the host cell and interacts with bacteria
  • Tir phosphorylated, causing actin polymmerisation
25
Q

What is needed to make the + strand of RNA?

A

The negative strand of DNA

26
Q

What is the structure of a poliovirus virion and how does it enter the cell?

A
  • RNA virus
  • No envelope
  • Endocytosis into endocytic vesicle
  • Creates pore
  • Allows virus out
27
Q

What class of virus are adenoviruses and papilloma?

A

I

28
Q

What is class VII of the Baltimore classification?

A

dsDNA
Contains reverse transcriptase
DNA –> genomic RNA

29
Q

What is class III of the Baltimore classification?

A
  • Segmented genomes of dsRNA (can make 1-2 proteins)

- Carries RNA-d-RNA-p to make + strand RNA

30
Q

What is the trigger mechanism?

A
  • Type III secretion system

- Cascade

Pathobiology (4 decks)

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