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Psychology > Biological > Flashcards

Biological Flashcards

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1
Q

Central Nervous system

A

command and control system, mainly composed of the Brain and the spinal cord

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2
Q

Brain localization

A

The idea that every behavior is associated with a specific brain region.
This is the evolution of phrenology

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3
Q

Cortex

A

Outer layer of gray matter which surrounds the inner layer of white matter

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4
Q

Cerebellum

A

Coordination, movement and balance

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5
Q

Brain stem

A

Regulation of basic viral process such as breathing or heartbeat

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6
Q

Limbic system

A

Involved in our behavioral and emotional responces

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7
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Reasoning, impulse control and personality

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8
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Auditory and olfactory processing, memory

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9
Q

Pariental Lobe

A

Preception, recognition, orientation

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10
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Visual processing

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11
Q

Amygdala

A

Emotion and memories

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12
Q

Hippocampus

A

Memories, learning and spatial orientation

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13
Q

Thalamus

A

Receives information from senses and sends it to their cortex

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14
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Keeps the body in homeostasis (balance) by managing hormones

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15
Q

Neuroplasticity

A

The ability of the brain to change as a result of experience
A learning mechanism
A cortical reorganization

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16
Q

Neuron

A

Cells in charge of receiving, processing and transmitting information

17
Q

Synapse

A

The point of connection between two neurons
Electrical synapse: the action of potential croses using electricity (no touch)
Chemical synapse: happens with the action of neurotransmitters (comunication)

18
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical messengers that influence behavior and cognition

19
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands and released to the bloodstream

20
Q

Hormones that act as neurotransmitters

A

Oxytocins
Endorphins
Adrenaline
Noradrenaline

21
Q

Testosterone

A

Produced in the gonads
Stimulates and mantain sexual functions
Increases muscle mass and strength, mantains bone strength

22
Q

Oxytocin

A

Produced in the hypothalamus and secreted by the pituitary gland
Trusts cooperation, affection, love and atraction
Preparation for childbirth and breastfeeding

23
Q

Cortisol

A

Produced and secreted by the adrenal glands
Regulates stress responce
Supresses inflamation and controls metabolism

24
Q

Pheromones

A

Chemical messengers released by one individual to elicit a specific behavioral or psychological response from another individual of the same species

25
Q

Androstadienone (male pheromone)

A

A derivate of testosterone and a chemical component of male sweat

26
Q

Estratetranol (female pheromone)

A

Probably synthesized in the ovaries from androstadienone

27
Q

Genetics

A

Our existance is a process of cell multiplication via mitosis and specialization via gene regulation

28
Q

Genes

A

are sections of DNA that encode specific traits or functions

29
Q

Genotype

A

The complete set of traits encoded in an individual’s DNA

30
Q

Phenotype

A

The set of traits that manifest in an individual’s body, appearence or behavior

31
Q

Genetic pool

A

The set of al genes in a particular population or species

32
Q

Identical MZ

A

100% of traits

33
Q

Fraternal DZ

A

50% of traits

34
Q

Neural pruning

A

The process of removing connections that are no longer needed

35
Q

Agonist

A

Give the effect of a neurotransmitter

36
Q

Antagonist

A

Stop the effect of a neurotransmitter

Psychology (5 decks)

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