Biología fin termino Flashcards
What is classification
Is the grouping of organism based on a set of criteria
What is taxonomy
Is a discipline of biology concerned with identifying, naming species based on natural relationships
Taxonomic categories
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
What is Binomial nomenclature
It gives each species a scientific name, first part is the genus, and the second part is the specific epithet
What Did Aristotle for classification
Developed the first widely accepted biological classification system.
What did Linnaeus for classification
used a morphology and behavior to classify plants and animals
Binomial nomenclature uses…
uses the latin genus and specis to give an organismis a scientific name
what is a domain
Domain is the broadest of all the taxa and contains on or more kingdoms.
what is kingdom
kingdom is the taxon composed of related phyla or divisions.
what is a phylum
contains related classes
what is a class
contains related orders
what is a order
contains related familys
what is a family
is the next taxon, consisting of similar, related genera.
what is a genus
is defines as a group of species that are closely related and share a common ancestor.
binomial rules
- genus name first letter always capitalized
- printed book name written in italics
- written by hand both names underlined
- the genus name when finished written all completely the first name is abbreviated.
what is a phylogeny
is the evolutionary history of a species
what is typological species concept
classification is determined by the comparison of physical characteristics with a type specimen.
what is biological species conept
classification is determined by similar characterisitcs and the ability to interbreed and produces fertile offspring
what is phylogenetic species concept
classification is determined by evolutionary history
What is a molecular clock
is a model that is used to compare DNA sequences from two different speciers
Cladistics
It is a method that classifies organisms according to the order that they diverged from a common ancestor
Cladogram
Is a branching diagram that represents the propose philogeny or evolutionary history of a species or a group
The tree of life
Has 3 domains (Eubacteria and Archaea, which re Prokaryotic) and 4 eukaryotic kingdoms (Animalia, plantae, fungi, and Protista)
Does the definition of species have changed?
YES
What is phylogeny??
Is the inferred evolutionary history of a species evidence of which comes from a variety of studies
what does a molecular clock use?
It uses DNA sequences to estimate phylogeny and rate of evolutionary change.
what does cladistics analyze
evolutionary relationships based on sequencing derived characters
unicellular prokaryotes found to be significantly different from the other known prokaryotes then known the bacteria and in 1990 they received in a new classification scheme with their own domain
ARCHEA
Their cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan, and they have some of the same proteins that eukaryotes do. They are diverse in shape and nutrition requirements but most are heterotrophic
archea
organisms with cells that have a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane bound organelles.
eukarya
eukaryotic organisms that can be unicellular, colonial or multicellular. unlike plants and animals, they do not have organs
protista
a unicellular or multicellular eukaryote heterotrophic, lacks motility and have cell walls that contain a substance called chitin to provide them with structural support
fungi
What is bacteria
bacteria are the most studied organisms and are found almost everywhere exept on extreme environments where mostly archae are found
what is archaea??
In extreme enviroments that are hostile to most other forms of life archaea predominate
Difference between archaea and bacteria
Bacteria cellwalls contain peptidoglycan but archae do not difference lipids in their plasma membranes and diffrent ribosoman proteins and RNA
Prokaryotic structure
Chromososmes,nucleoid, capsule, pili, size
Chromosomes (bacteria)
their genes are found on a large circular are in the cell called the nucleoid.
Capsule (Bacteria)
the capsule has several important functions including preventing the cell from drying put and helping the cell to attach to surfaces in its environment.
Pili (Bacteria)
A sub microscopic hairlike structures that are made of protein they help bacteria cells to attachb to surfaces
Size (Bacteria)
Prokaryotes are small.
Prokaryotic characteristics
Shape cell walls movement
Shape (prokaryotic)
spherical or round prokaryotic are called cocci Rod-shape Porkariots are called vacilli and spiral cell prokaryotes are called spirilla
Cell walls (prokaryotic)
all bacteria cell have peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Movement (prokaryotic)
all though some prokaryotes are stationary others use flagella for movement.
