Bioligy test Flashcards
What are the basic building blocks for all life?
cells.
What is a tissue?
A group of cells with a similar structure and function.
A group of tissues performing a specific function.
Organ
What is a organ system?
Organs organised into organ systems, which work together to form organisms.
What does digestion convert food to?
small soluble molecules.
What produces amylase enzyme in saliva?
The salivary glands.
What is the muscular tissue in the stomach used for?
Churning food.
What does the glandular tissue in the stomach create?
Hydrochloric acid and protease.
What produces bile, and where is it stored?
Bile neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats. It’s stored in the gall bladder.
What enzymes do the pancreas produce?
protease, carbohydrates and lipase.
What enzymes does the small intestine produce, and what does it absorb?
protease, carbohydrates and lipase. It absorbs nutrients.
What does the large intestine absorb?
water.
What are enzymes and what are they made form?
Biological catalysts. They are made form protein.
What do enzymes have?
An active site that binds substrate.
What does the shape of the active site determine?
The shape of the substrate, like a lock and key.
What do enzymes have?
An optimum temperature and pH.
What happens if the enzyme is too high a temperature or at wrong pH?
Its active site changes shape and becomes denatured.
What carbohydrate brakes down starch into simple sugars?
Amylase.
What brakes down proteins into amino acids?
Proteases.
What is the job of lipases?
To brake lipids (fats) down into fatty acids and glycerol.
What is reducing sugars tested by?
Benedict’s test.
What happens if the results are positive?
They turn brick red colour.
How do we test for iodine?
Starch.
What happens if the results are positive?
The results are blue-black colour.
The Biuret test tests for what?
proteins.
What happens if the results are positive?
They turn purple.
Where does deoxygenated blood enter the heart?
Through the right atrium, through the vena cava.
What does the right atrium do to blood?
It contracts pushing it to the right ventricle.
What does the right ventricle do?
contracts sending blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery.
What does blood become in the lungs?
oxygenated.
What enters the left atrium through the pulmonary vein?
Oxygenated blood.
What contracts sending blood sending blood to the left ventricle?
The left atrium.
What contracts sending blood to the body through the aorta?
The left ventricle.
What do pacemakers do, and what can they be replaced by?
Pacemakers control the heart rate.They can be replaced by artificial pacemakers.
What do valves in the heart prevent?
back flow of blood.
Where does air enter the lungs?
Through the trachea.
The trachea splits into two branches called what?
Bronchi.
What do bronchi do?
Carry air to the lungs.
Where does gas exchange happen in the lungs?
The alveoli.
How does gas exchange happen?
Through diffusion.
What does the alveoli have?
A high surface area, and a large capillary network.
Do arteries carry blood towards or away from the heart?
Away.
What do arteries have?
Thick walls to withstand high pressure.
Do veins carry blood towards or away from the heart?
Towards.
What do veins have?
Thinner walls and valves to stop back flow of blood.
How many cells thick are capillary walls? and why?
One. So that exchange can happen through diffusion.
