Biol Lab final Exam Lab 8 (brain, nerve, spinal)

Question 1

nervous system main locations

Answer 1

CNS- brain and spinal cord
PNS- everything else

Question 2

2 main divisions in PNS

Answer 2

afferent divison- sensory input
efferent divison- motor input s

Question 3

what are two components that efferent carry out after reaching effectors

Answer 3

somatic and automatic (sympathetic(fight/flight)and parasympathetic (rest/digest))

Question 4

what does cerebrum consist of? what does it do

Answer 4

-cerbral cortex, white matter
-decision making

Question 5

what are the bumps on brain and the divets?

Answer 5

b:gyrus
D: surus

Question 6

what does the brain stem consist of

Answer 6

midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

Question 7

what is a cerebellum

Answer 7

little brain

Question 8

name the three protective connective tissues

Answer 8

-dura mater (endosteal lines skull, meningeal covers brain and most durable)
-arachnoid mater- middle, spider
-pia mater- innermost, blood brain barrier

Question 9

what are lobes of a sheep brain

Answer 9

temporal, frontal, occipital, parietal

Question 10

what three parts are in the cerebellum

Answer 10

arbor vitae: tree of life
white matter
grey matter

Question 11

what are brain ventricles?
how many are there?

Answer 11

-cavities within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid
-2 lateral ventricles (sides)
-third ventricle (V)
-fourth ventricle (cord)

Question 12

what is CSF

Answer 12

cerebrospinal fluid
bathes the brain and removes waste

Question 13

memory aids for cranial nerves

Answer 13

Oh
Once
One
Takes
The
Anatomy
Final
Very
Good
Vacations
Are
Heavenly
Some
Say
Marry
Money
But
My
Brother
Says
Big
Brains (!)
Matter
Most
S=sensory
M=motor
B=both

Question 14

lumbar puncture is located

Answer 14

below L2

Question 15

What is a spinal cord? how many spinal nerves and spinal plexuses are there?

Answer 15

-foramen magnum of skull to first or second lumbar vert
-31 pairs (from spinal cord to intervertebral foramina)

Question 16

what is a cauda equina

Answer 16

(horse tail) bundle of nerves exiting spinal colum below spinal cord

Question 17

how are spinal nerves located in cervical opposed to thoracic?

Answer 17

spinal nerves start above for C (8)
and below for T (12)

Question 18

what will happen if spinal nerve gets cut?

Answer 18

organ will still recieve innovation w other spinal nerves

Question 19

name the 5 steps somatic reflex

Answer 19

1. sensory receptor- stimulus action
2. sensory neuron- transmits afferent to CNS
3. integration centre- receives/process info and transfers to motor neurons/CNS
4. motor neuron- conducts efferent to effector
5. effector- responds to efferent by contracting= final response to original stimulus

Question 20

whats a plexuses

Answer 20

fibres mix matching

Question 21

nerve connective tissue coverings

Answer 21

epineurium- over (surrounds entire nerve)
-perineurium- around (surrounds axons that are fascicles)
-endoneurium- inner (surrounds each axon or nerve)

Question 22

reflex, reflex arc

Answer 22

a pre programmed, rapid, motor response to stimulus
-neural pathway involved in a reflex

Question 23

somatic reflexes

Answer 23

stretch reflex- rapid, stimulus to muscle, effector is skeletal muscle, initial and final is spinal cord eg. jerk
-superficial reflex- stim to superficial skin (plantar flexion= adult toe scrunch, babinski sign= baby toe extends)

Question 24

how many spinal nerves and spinal plexuses are there? give regions

Answer 24

-4 plexuses (braided network that go to neck and limbs)
cervical-neck
brachial-shoulder
lumbar- back
sacral- leg

Question 25

corpus callosum

Answer 25

providing coordination

Question 26

fornix

Answer 26

c shaped bundle of nerves, transmits info

Question 27

cingulate gyrus

Answer 27

forms a part of the limbic system for emotion/behaviour

Question 28

medulla

Answer 28

controls vital functions like heartbeat and respiration

Question 29

pons

Answer 29

relays messages between cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 30

midbrain

Answer 30

consists of superior and inferior colliculi and function is to motor move movement and reflexes

Question 31

mammillary bodies

Answer 31

receive information/ memory process

Question 32

pituitary gland

Answer 32

produces hormones

Question 33

pineal gland

Answer 33

produces hormones relating to wake/sleep patterns and seasonal fluctuations

Question 34

ventricles

Answer 34

CSF fluid

Question 35

thalamus

Answer 35

relay station for sensory info, receives message from axon and transmits

Question 36

give the roman numeral, SMB, and function of olfactory

Answer 36

I
S-smell

Question 37

give the roman numeral, SMB, and function optic

Answer 37

II
s-vision

Question 38

give the roman numeral, SMB, and function oculomotor

Answer 38

III
M- move eyeball, close lids

Question 39

give the roman numeral, SMB, and function trochlear

Answer 39

IV
M-move eyeballs

Question 40

give the roman numeral, SMB, and function Trigeminal

Answer 40

V
B-sense info from face, motor=chew

Question 41

give the roman numeral, SMB, and function abducens

Answer 41

VI
M=move eyeballs

Question 42

give the roman numeral, SMB, and function facial

Answer 42

VII
B-sense 2/3 tounge, motor facial espressions

Question 43

give the roman numeral, SMB, and function vestibular cochlear

Answer 43

VIII
S-balance equilibrium + hearing

Question 44

give the roman numeral, SMB, and function Glosso pharyngeal

Answer 44

IX
B-sense taste 1/3 tounge, motor head neck muscles

Question 45

give the roman numeral, SMB, and function Vagus

Answer 45

X
B- sense visceral organs
motor parasympatic output
fail=die

Question 46

give the roman numeral, SMB, and function accessory

Answer 46

XI
M-swallowing, neck + shoulder

Question 47

give the roman numeral, SMB, and function hypoglossal

Answer 47

XII
M-moves tounge