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Biology > BIOL-1115 Chapter 1 > Flashcards

BIOL-1115 Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Species

A

A population or group of population with individuals who can successfully interbred and produce viable and fertile offspring.

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2
Q

Descent with modification

A

Species arise from ancestors that differed from them.

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3
Q

Organ

A

A body part that is made up of multiple tissues and has specific functions in the body.

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4
Q

Organisms

A

Individual living things.

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5
Q

Population

A

Consists of all the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specified area.

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6
Q

Community

A

The array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem.

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7
Q

Ecosystem

A

Consists of all the living things in a particular area.

Along with all the non living components of the environment with which life interacts (soil, water, atmospheric gases, and light)

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8
Q

Biosphere

A

Consists of all life on earth and all the places where life exists.

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9
Q

Biology

A

The scientific study of life.

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10
Q

Emergent properties

A

Properties which emerge due to the interaction between various components. Increases with complexity.

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11
Q

Systems biology

A

An exploration of many combined interactions which create the emergent properties of a system.

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12
Q

Reductionism

A

Reducing a complex system into smaller components which are individually easier to study.

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13
Q

Tissue

A

Is a group of cells that work together, performing a specialized function.

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14
Q

Cell

A

Is life’s fundamental unit of structure and function.

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15
Q

Organelles

A

The various functional components present in cells (ex. Chloroplasts)

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16
Q

Molecule

A

Chemical structure consisting of two or more units called atoms.

17
Q

Eukaryotic cell

A

Contains membrane-enclosed organelles. They can also either be unicellular or multicellular.

18
Q

Prokaryotic cell

A

Lacks a nucleus or other membrane enclosed organelles. (Also are generally smaller than eukaryotes) they are also all unicellular.

19
Q

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

A

A nucleic acid molecule, usually a double stranded helix. It is the molecule that carries genetic info for the development and functioning of an organism.

20
Q

Gene

A

A discrete unit of hereditary info consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA in some viruses)

21
Q

Gene expression

A

The entire process by which the info in a gene directs the production of a cellular product.

22
Q

Genome

A

The entire “library” of genetic instructions that an organism inherits.

23
Q

Genomics

A

When researchers study whole sets of genes in one or more species.

24
Q

Proteomics

A

Refers to the study of sets of proteins and their properties.

25
Q

Proteome

A

The entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell, tissue, or organisms.

26
Q

Bioinformatics

A

The use of computational tools to store, organize, and analyze the huge volume of data that results from high through put methods.

27
Q

Bioinformatics

A

The use of computational tools to store, organize, and analyze the huge volume of data that results from high through put methods.

28
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Molecules within the leaves convert the energy of sunlight to the chemical energy of food, such as sugars.

29
Q

Climate change

A

A directional change to the global climate that lasts for three decades or more.

30
Q

Bacteria

A

One of the 2 prokaryotic domains the other being archaea.

31
Q

Evolution

A

A process of biological change in which species accumulate differences from their ancestors as they adapt to different environments over time. (Diversity and unity)

32
Q

Symbiosis

A

The interactions between organisms. They can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral to the interacting organisms.

33
Q

Natural selection

A

A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.

34
Q

Eukarya

A

The domain that includes all eukaryotic organisms.
(Plant, fungi, and animalia)

35
Q

Archaea

A

One of the two prokaryotic domains, the other being bacteria.

Biology (4 decks)

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