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biogenetics revision Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

define photosynthesis

A

plants making use of the sun’s energy to make food.

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2
Q

Plants make glucose from what?

A

CO2 and water, using energy from light.

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3
Q

Photosynthesis is [endothermic/exothermic] (pick one)

A

Endothermic

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4
Q

Why is photosynthesis an endothermic reaction?

A

Because photosynthesis needs an input of energy from the environment

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5
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide + water —(light)—-> glucose + oxygen

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6
Q

What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?

A

CO2 + H2O —–> C6H12O6 + O2

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7
Q

summarise an investigation for the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis:

A
  1. cut a piece of pond weed and place it in a boiling tube filled with sodium hydrogen carbonate solution
  2. set up an LED light and 10cm from the tube, leave to settle
  3. start the stopwatch and count the no. of bubbles in 1 minute.
  4. repeat and calculate the mean
  5. repeat, altering the lamp’s distance
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8
Q

Why do we fill the boiling tube with sodium hydrogen carbonate solution in a light intensity investigation?

A

Makes sure that CO2 is not a limiting factor in the experiment.

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9
Q

Why do we use specifically LED lamps in a light intensity investigation?

A

LED lamps produce less heat, which makes the experiment more fair because it reduces the effect of temperature on the experiment.

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10
Q

The rate of photosynthesis [increases/decreases] with higher concentrations of CO2, up to a point.

A

The rate of photosynthesis increases with higher concentrations of CO2, up to a point.

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11
Q

Name 3 limiting factors of photosynthesis.

A

light intensity, temperature, amount of chlorophyll.

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12
Q

photosynthesis is an __________ controlled reaction.

A

photosynthesis is an [enzyme] controlled reaction.

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13
Q

Because photosynthesis is an enzyme controlled reaction, if the temperature increases too much, the enzymes will become ____________ and the _____ of photosynthesis will __________ and ______.

A

Because photosynthesis is an enzyme controlled reaction, if the temperature increases too much, the enzymes will become [denatured] and the [rate] of photosynthesis will [decrease] and [stop].

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14
Q

the rate of photosynthesis [increases/decreases] with light intensity [to a point/forever].

A

the rate of photosynthesis [increases] with light intensity [to a point].

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15
Q

uses of glucose 1: to produce ________ which strengthens cell walls.

A

uses of glucose 1: to produce [cellulose] which strengthens cell walls.

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16
Q

uses of glucose 2: to be converted into ______ ______ for protein synthesis.

A

uses of glucose 2: to be converted into [amino acids] for protein synthesis.

17
Q

uses of glucose 3: to produce ______ or _____ for storage.

A

uses of glucose 3: to produce [fat] or [oil] for storage.

18
Q

uses of glucose 4: to be converted into insoluble ________ for storage inside cells or special areas like ______ or _______.

A

uses of glucose 4: to be converted into insoluble [starch] for storage inside cells or special areas like [roots] or [bulbs].

19
Q

Light intensity obeys the inverse ______ law. This means if you _______ the distance between the plant and the light source, you ______ the light intensity.

A

Light intensity obeys the inverse [square] law. This means if you [double] the distance between the plant and the light source, you [quarter] the light intensity.

20
Q

High light intensities might affect the rate of photosynthesis, this is caused by:
- saturation of the ______ sites in the enzymes __________ the reaction.
- bleaching of ___________.

A

High light intensities might affect the rate of photosynthesis, this is caused by:
- saturation of the [active] sites in the enzymes [cataclysing] the reaction.
- bleaching of [chlorophyll].

21
Q

what is the equation for light intensity?

A

light intensity = 1 / distance squared

22
Q

What will happen if there is a reduction in chlorophyll available in the plant?

A

If there is a reduction of chlorophyll available in the plant, then the amount of glucose produced will reduce and the plant won’t grow as well.

23
Q

Why is aerobic respiration also called cellular respiration?

A

Aerobic respiration is also called cellular respiration because the reactions for respiration occur inside the cell.

24
Q

Is respiration endothermic or exothermic?

A

respiration is exothermic.

25
Q

Why is respiration an exothermic reaction?

A

Respiration is an exothermic reaction because energy is transferred to the environment rather than from it.

26
Q

Give 3 reasons for why living organisms need energy:

A

3 reasons why living organisms need energy:
- movement- enables muscles to contract
- keeping a steady body temperature in a cold environment
- chemical reactions

27
Q

what is the word equation for respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen —–> carbon dioxide + water

28
Q

Where does aerobic respiration happen?

A

Aerobic respiration occurs inside mitochondria

29
Q

Respiration can transfer energy in cells without oxygen. What is this called?

A

Anaerobic respiration is when respiration transfers energy in cells without oxygen.

30
Q

What is the end product of anaerobic respiration in animal cells?

A

The end product of anaerobic respiration in animal cells is lactic acid.

31
Q

What is the end product of anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells?

A

The end product of anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells is carbon dioxide and ethanol.

32
Q

What is anaerobic respiration called in yeast cells?

A

anaerobic respiration called in yeast cells is called fermentation.
note- this process is economically important in the process of making alcoholic drinks and bread.

33
Q

What is metabolism?

A

Metabolism is the sum of all reactions in a cell or body.

34
Q

Name 3 or more metabolic reactions:

A

Metabolic reaction examples:
- glucose to glycogen (animal cells - for storage)
- glucose to cellulose (in plants)
- formation of lipids
- breakdown of proteins
- respiration

35
Q

note whether the oxidisation of glucose is complete or incomplete in each of these:
- aerobic respiration
- anaerobic respiration (animal cells)
- anaerobic respiration (plant cells)

A

note whether the oxidisation of glucose is complete or incomplete in each of these:
- aerobic respiration
complete
- anaerobic respiration (animal cells)
incomplete
- anaerobic respiration (plant cells)
incomplete

36
Q

state some things that happen in the body during anaerobic respiration.

A
  • increase in heart rate
  • increase in breathing rate
  • increase in breath volume

Science revision (4 decks)

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