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Electro > Biofeedback Notes > Flashcards

Biofeedback Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What is biofeedback?

A

The use of electronic instruments to provide objective info to an individual about a physiologic function or response so they can become aware of their response

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2
Q

How does biofeedback help patients following an injury or dysfunction?

A

Helps them develop greater voluntary control through neuromuscular relaxation or muscle re-education

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3
Q

Clinicians are instruments of biofeedback (T/F)

A

True

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4
Q

Feedback includes what 2 types of information

A
  1. Sensations associated with movement

2. Result of action relative to some goal or objective

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5
Q

When does feedback occur?

A

Before, during, and after a motor movement, it is ongoing

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6
Q

What are the types of Intrinsic Feedback?

A 
Kinesthetic
Visual
Cutaneous
Vestibular
Auditory
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7
Q

What are the types of Extrinsic Feedback?

A

Knowledge of results
Verbally
Mechanically
Electronically

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8
Q

What is an advantage to biofeedback?

A

Patient can make small changes in performance that are immediately noted and rewarded

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9
Q

What is the ultimate goal in using biofeedback?

A

To teach the patient to perceive the changes without the use of the instrument

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10
Q

What 4 words are used to describe EMG biofeedback?

A

Sensitive
Objective
Accurate
Quantitative

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11
Q

What does peripheral skin temperature measure?

A

Vasoconstrict/dilation

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12
Q

What does finger phototransmission measure?

A

Vascoconstrict/dilation

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13
Q

What does skin conductance activity measure?

A

sweat gland activity

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14
Q

What does electoencephalograph (EEG) measure?

A

brain’s spontaneous electrical activity over a period of time

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15
Q

What does electromyographic activity measure?

A

electrical activity during muscle contraction

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16
Q

What comprises a motor unit?

A

Individual muscle fibers and the nerve the innervates it

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17
Q

The amount of tension developed in a muscle is proportional to _______.

A

The number of active MUs

18
Q

What does the MU recruitment pattern depend upon?

A
  • Inherent properties of specific motor neurons
  • Force required during the activity
  • Speed of the contraction
19
Q

Which MU’s are recruited first?

A

smaller

20
Q

Which MU’s produce greatest tension?

A

larger

21
Q

Which MU’s do fast contractions excite?

A

Larger, depress smaller

22
Q

What does biofeedback actually measure?

A

electrical activity associated with muscle contraction, not the contraction itself

23
Q

All biofeedback readings can be compared (T/F)

A

False, only when same equipment is used for all readings

24
Q

What is the first step once the electrical activity has been detected by the electrodes?

A

the extraneous electrical activity, aka noise, needs to be removed

25
Q

What does the differential amplifier do?

A

Takes two signals and subtracts the signal of one active electrode from the other, cancels anything that they have in common, amplifying the difference

26
Q

What is the Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR)?

A

The ability of the differential amplifier to eliminate the noise between the active electrodes

27
Q

What type of voltage is the raw EMG?

A

alternating

28
Q

What does rectification do?

A

Flips the negative pole to create a pulsed direct current

29
Q

What does smoothing do?

A

Eliminates the high-frequency fluctuations that are produced

30
Q

What does integration do?

A

Measures the area under the curve for a specific period of time, forms quantification

31
Q

What 3 questions must be asked to know if a patient is appropriate for biofeedback?

A
  1. Do they have a motor impairment that would suggest the info provided would be of benefit?
  2. Do they have voluntary control?
  3. Are they motivated and cognitively aware?
32
Q

Conditions that could benefit from Biofeedback

A 
Anxiety or stress
 Asthma
 Chemotherapy side effects
 Chronic pain
 Constipation
 High blood pressure
 Incontinence
 Irritable bowel syndrome
 Raynaud's disease
33
Q

Indications

A 
Muscle re-ed
Regaining n/m control
Increasing isometric/tonic strength
Decrease mm guarding
Pain reduction
Relaxation of mm spasm
Psychological relaxation
34
Q

Contraindications

A

Any m/s condition that a muscular contraction might exacerbate

35
Q

What are the appeals for biofeedback?

A 
Non-invase
May reduce/eliminate need for meds
Treatment alternative to meds
Option if meds don't work well
Alternative to meds during pregnancy
Helps people take charge of their health
36
Q

What type of electrodes are used?

A

surface, 4mm - 12.5 mm

37
Q

What type of feedback does biofeedback provide?

A

Visual and auditory

38
Q

What are the ranges for signal sensitivity?

A

1 - 100 microvolts

39
Q

Which sensitivity is best for muscle relaxation? Re-ed?

A

Muscle relax = high

Muscle re-ed = low

40
Q

What are the training strategies that should be used with biofeedback?

A
  • consider all factors related to learning theory
  • positive reinforcement
  • obtainable short and long term goals
  • appropriate sequencing and progression
41
Q

What are some unique uses for biofeedback?

A
  • pelvic floor dysfunction
  • stress urinary incon
  • fecal incon
  • ED

Electro (6 decks)

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