Bioethics Flashcards
Bot GEM Anscombe and Tad Pacholczyk agree that withholding nutrition from a patient is ethically wrong T/F
True
An Combe and Tad Pacholczyk think that withholding nutrition from a patient is right or wrong?
Wrong
There are no medical circumstances where the withholding of feeding tubes can be considered ethically necessary T/F
False
Are there circumstances when withholding of feeding tubes are ethically necessary?
Yes
Tad Pacholczyk states that death should be the result of what?
Pathological condition
What does tad Pacholczyk think that death should be a result of?
Pathological condition
Brain dead and PVS are defined as one and the same T/F
False
Are brain dead and PVS the same?
No
Which of the following should a person suffering from PVS not be considered for?
Organ transplant
If someone is suffering from PVS, what shouldn’t they be considered for?
Organ transplant
Euthanasia comes from the Latin word meaning “quieter death” T/F
False
A term that refers to an act by which one aids another in ending their life is called assisted suicide T/F
True
What is assisted suicide?
When someone aids another in ending their life.
___________ euthanasia refers to an action to end a life by means such as lethal injection
Active
What is active euthanasia?
When something is done directly to end the suffering of another by ending their life
Frank Pavone states that the right to euthanasia will eventually lead to _____________ euthanasia
Non-voluntary
What does the right to euthanasia lead to?
Non-voluntary euthanasia
John Paul II speaks of euthanasia as the “death of true freedom” in his work _________________
Evangelium Vitae
In which work does John Paul II speak of euthanasia as the “death of true freedom”?
Evangelium Vitae
What does John Paul II call euthanasia?
The death of true freedom
The writer of the Terri Schiavo report stated that he believed her death violated this federal law: _____________
Americans with Disabilities Act
Which federal law did the death of Terri Schiavo violate?
Americans with Disabilities Act
According to the writer of the Terri Schiavo report, starvation as a means of death is painful T/F
True
Is starvation as a means of death painful?
Yes
The writer of the Terri Schiavo report stated that there has never been anyone who has awakened who suffered from PVS T/F
False
Has there been someone who suffered from PVS that has awakened?
Yes
Dr. John Haas argued that all forms of stem cell research are unethical T/F
False
Are all forms of stem cell research unethical?
No
Haas stated that there is no ethical jurisdiction for scientific research that “_________ human life”
Destroys
Is there ethical jurisdiction for scientific research that destroys human life?
No
The Pontifical Academy for Life’s statement on human cloning quotes Hana Jonas’ observation that such cloning is both “despotic” and “slavish” T/F
True
How is human cloning viewed as?
Despotic and slavish
Which of the following ethical arguments concerning human cloning are advanced by the pontifical academy for life?
All of the above
Which arguments on human cloning are advanced by the pontifical academy for human life?
Women are exploited
Artificial wombs can be created
The clone is a “copy” and lacks dignity
The pontifical academy for life stated that ________ human cloning is a moral duty
Halting
What does the pontifical academy for human life think should be done about human cloning?
It should be stopped
The pontifical academy for human life observed that the “death of God” will lead to the “death of ______”
Man
__________ believed that doctors should seek to educate their patients about their medical treatment
Plato
What did Plato believe that doctors should go with their patients about medical treatments?
Educate them
Who believes that doctors should educate their patients about their medical treatment?
Plato
What did Dr. Hugh say had to be done with those that had a mental disorder that made them want to change their body physically
Their mental disorder had to be dealt with
What are 3 circumstances where withholding food is ethically okay?
- Feeding tube doesn’t provide nourishment
- Feeding tube causes problems
- It is required to tie someone down to force feed them
Difference between brain death and PVS
Brain dead: lower and higher parts of the brain are dead. Unable to live without support
PVS: Not death of the whole brain.
Define euthanasia
To cause death to remove a person from suffering
Define assisted suicide
Someone helps another in taking their own life
Define active euthanasia
An action one takes to end a life
Define passive euthanasia
An omission, failing to intervene life threatening crisis, or failing to provide nourishment, which leads to death
Define extra ordinary treatment
Leads to more burden. Is optional
Define ordinary treatment
Provides benefit without too much burden. Must always be used
4 ethical considerations concerning human organ transplants
- Should there be a marked price for human organs?
- Who should get the organ when it’s available?
- Should doctors be allowed to harvest organs from the dead without prior consent?
- Should individuals be allowed to sell organs to those needing transplant?
4 ethical statements on human cloning by the pontifical academy for life
- Cloning represents manipulation of relationality and complementarity
- Basic relationships of human persons are perverted
- What is the dignity of the person cloned (the copy)
- Experimentation is immoral because it involves arbitrary use of the human body
What law was passed in the Terri Schiavo case
Terri’s Law
What does CRISPR do?
Snip out a mutated piece of DNA and replace it with the correct sequence
Is correcting mutations in the DNA to remedy a serious medical defect permissible?
Yes
What do some researchers want to do with using CRISPR, which is very unethical on many levels?
Enhance human characteristics
What is maternal spindle transfer
Extraction of genetic material from a mothers egg, and then inserted in a donor egg where the maternal spindle has been removed and discarded. The newly formed egg is fertilized with the fathers sperm before implantation in the mother.
Where does the word euthanasia come from and what does it mean
Greek
Good death
What else is euthanasia sometimes called?
Mercy killing
When someone is brain dead, are they dead?
Yes
When someone is PVS are they dead?
No
When someone is brain dead, is it an obligation to keep the person going?
No
What is one clear sign of someone that is brain dead
They 100% rely on the support of a ventilator to breath
Is there 100% brain death in someone in PVS
No
How is the brain function of someone in PVS
Higher centers of the brain may be compromised, and lower centers of the brain may be partially or fully functional.
What should a persons death be a result of?
A pathological condition
Are stem cells acquired from adults, such as from the bone marrow or preserved umbilical cords, ethically okay?
Yes
Are embryonic stem cells ethically ok?
No
Why aren’t embryonic stem cells ethically ok?
They are obtained by destroying young human beings
