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Philosophy > Bioethics > Flashcards

Bioethics Flashcards

1
Q

Bot GEM Anscombe and Tad Pacholczyk agree that withholding nutrition from a patient is ethically wrong T/F

A

True

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2
Q

An Combe and Tad Pacholczyk think that withholding nutrition from a patient is right or wrong?

A

Wrong

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3
Q

There are no medical circumstances where the withholding of feeding tubes can be considered ethically necessary T/F

A

False

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4
Q

Are there circumstances when withholding of feeding tubes are ethically necessary?

A

Yes

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5
Q

Tad Pacholczyk states that death should be the result of what?

A

Pathological condition

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6
Q

What does tad Pacholczyk think that death should be a result of?

A

Pathological condition

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7
Q

Brain dead and PVS are defined as one and the same T/F

A

False

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8
Q

Are brain dead and PVS the same?

A

No

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9
Q

Which of the following should a person suffering from PVS not be considered for?

A

Organ transplant

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10
Q

If someone is suffering from PVS, what shouldn’t they be considered for?

A

Organ transplant

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11
Q

Euthanasia comes from the Latin word meaning “quieter death” T/F

A

False

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12
Q

A term that refers to an act by which one aids another in ending their life is called assisted suicide T/F

A

True

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13
Q

What is assisted suicide?

A

When someone aids another in ending their life.

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14
Q

___________ euthanasia refers to an action to end a life by means such as lethal injection

A

Active

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15
Q

What is active euthanasia?

A

When something is done directly to end the suffering of another by ending their life

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16
Q

Frank Pavone states that the right to euthanasia will eventually lead to _____________ euthanasia

A

Non-voluntary

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17
Q

What does the right to euthanasia lead to?

A

Non-voluntary euthanasia

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18
Q

John Paul II speaks of euthanasia as the “death of true freedom” in his work _________________

A

Evangelium Vitae

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19
Q

In which work does John Paul II speak of euthanasia as the “death of true freedom”?

A

Evangelium Vitae

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20
Q

What does John Paul II call euthanasia?

A

The death of true freedom

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21
Q

The writer of the Terri Schiavo report stated that he believed her death violated this federal law: _____________

A

Americans with Disabilities Act

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22
Q

Which federal law did the death of Terri Schiavo violate?

A

Americans with Disabilities Act

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23
Q

According to the writer of the Terri Schiavo report, starvation as a means of death is painful T/F

A

True

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24
Q

Is starvation as a means of death painful?

A

Yes

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25
Q

The writer of the Terri Schiavo report stated that there has never been anyone who has awakened who suffered from PVS T/F

A

False

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26
Q

Has there been someone who suffered from PVS that has awakened?

A

Yes

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27
Q

Dr. John Haas argued that all forms of stem cell research are unethical T/F

A

False

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28
Q

Are all forms of stem cell research unethical?

A

No

29
Q

Haas stated that there is no ethical jurisdiction for scientific research that “_________ human life”

A

Destroys

30
Q

Is there ethical jurisdiction for scientific research that destroys human life?

A

No

31
Q

The Pontifical Academy for Life’s statement on human cloning quotes Hana Jonas’ observation that such cloning is both “despotic” and “slavish” T/F

A

True

32
Q

How is human cloning viewed as?

A

Despotic and slavish

33
Q

Which of the following ethical arguments concerning human cloning are advanced by the pontifical academy for life?

A

All of the above

34
Q

Which arguments on human cloning are advanced by the pontifical academy for human life?

A

Women are exploited
Artificial wombs can be created
The clone is a “copy” and lacks dignity

35
Q

The pontifical academy for life stated that ________ human cloning is a moral duty

A

Halting

36
Q

What does the pontifical academy for human life think should be done about human cloning?

A

It should be stopped

37
Q

The pontifical academy for human life observed that the “death of God” will lead to the “death of ______”

A

Man

38
Q

__________ believed that doctors should seek to educate their patients about their medical treatment

A

Plato

39
Q

What did Plato believe that doctors should go with their patients about medical treatments?

A

Educate them

40
Q

Who believes that doctors should educate their patients about their medical treatment?

A

Plato

41
Q

What did Dr. Hugh say had to be done with those that had a mental disorder that made them want to change their body physically

A

Their mental disorder had to be dealt with

42
Q

What are 3 circumstances where withholding food is ethically okay?

A
  1. Feeding tube doesn’t provide nourishment
  2. Feeding tube causes problems
  3. It is required to tie someone down to force feed them
43
Q

Difference between brain death and PVS

A

Brain dead: lower and higher parts of the brain are dead. Unable to live without support

PVS: Not death of the whole brain.

44
Q

Define euthanasia

A

To cause death to remove a person from suffering

45
Q

Define assisted suicide

A

Someone helps another in taking their own life

46
Q

Define active euthanasia

A

An action one takes to end a life

47
Q

Define passive euthanasia

A

An omission, failing to intervene life threatening crisis, or failing to provide nourishment, which leads to death

48
Q

Define extra ordinary treatment

A

Leads to more burden. Is optional

49
Q

Define ordinary treatment

A

Provides benefit without too much burden. Must always be used

50
Q

4 ethical considerations concerning human organ transplants

A
  1. Should there be a marked price for human organs?
  2. Who should get the organ when it’s available?
  3. Should doctors be allowed to harvest organs from the dead without prior consent?
  4. Should individuals be allowed to sell organs to those needing transplant?
51
Q

4 ethical statements on human cloning by the pontifical academy for life

A
  1. Cloning represents manipulation of relationality and complementarity
  2. Basic relationships of human persons are perverted
  3. What is the dignity of the person cloned (the copy)
  4. Experimentation is immoral because it involves arbitrary use of the human body
52
Q

What law was passed in the Terri Schiavo case

A

Terri’s Law

53
Q

What does CRISPR do?

A

Snip out a mutated piece of DNA and replace it with the correct sequence

54
Q

Is correcting mutations in the DNA to remedy a serious medical defect permissible?

A

Yes

55
Q

What do some researchers want to do with using CRISPR, which is very unethical on many levels?

A

Enhance human characteristics

56
Q

What is maternal spindle transfer

A

Extraction of genetic material from a mothers egg, and then inserted in a donor egg where the maternal spindle has been removed and discarded. The newly formed egg is fertilized with the fathers sperm before implantation in the mother.

57
Q

Where does the word euthanasia come from and what does it mean

A

Greek

Good death

58
Q

What else is euthanasia sometimes called?

A

Mercy killing

59
Q

When someone is brain dead, are they dead?

A

Yes

60
Q

When someone is PVS are they dead?

A

No

61
Q

When someone is brain dead, is it an obligation to keep the person going?

A

No

62
Q

What is one clear sign of someone that is brain dead

A

They 100% rely on the support of a ventilator to breath

63
Q

Is there 100% brain death in someone in PVS

A

No

64
Q

How is the brain function of someone in PVS

A

Higher centers of the brain may be compromised, and lower centers of the brain may be partially or fully functional.

65
Q

What should a persons death be a result of?

A

A pathological condition

66
Q

Are stem cells acquired from adults, such as from the bone marrow or preserved umbilical cords, ethically okay?

A

Yes

67
Q

Are embryonic stem cells ethically ok?

A

No

68
Q

Why aren’t embryonic stem cells ethically ok?

A

They are obtained by destroying young human beings

Philosophy (8 decks)

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