Bioethical Principles Flashcards
What is autonomy?
“The right and the ability to make meaningful choices about oneself”
What is nonmaleficence?
“One ought not to inflict evil or harm”
What is beneficence?
“One ought to prevent evil or harm”
“One ought to remove evil or harm”
“One ought to do or promote good”
What is justice?
“Fair, equitable and appropriate treatment”
What are the four biomedical/moral principles?
Autonomy
Nonmaleficence
Beneficence
Justice
What are the four components of autonomy?
Self-determination
Freedom
Desire fulfillment
Independence
What is self-determination?
Makes choices related to their own will, doing what they want in accordance to their values.
What are some complications of self-determination?
What do they want
Difficulty deciding
Decisions impacted by lack of info or wrong info
Conflict with other opinions
Choice may cause harm to themselves or others
Do you have the comprehension and capacity to make decisions
What are the three main aspects of informed consent?
Voluntariness
Capacity
Comprehension
What is voluntariness (related to informed consent)?
Make decisions without coercion
What is capacity (related to informed consent)?
Ability to understand what you are told
Need cognitive development
What is comprehension (related to informed consent)?
Ability to understand what is being told
What are some essential elements to share in order for the patient to make informed decisions?
Provide information in layman terms Treatment options Effect of treatment options and research results Risk/benefits Alternative options
What does it mean to have “unencumbered” informed consent?
Persons have full authority and autonomy to make decisions regarding their care. Can include: right to refuse, live at risk, live with neglect, self-neglect
What does it mean to have “encumbered” informed consent?
Person’s decisions made by someone else because they don’t have the ability to comprehend or have the capacity to make decisions.
Who are allowed to make decisions on behalf of patients who are unable to make decisions?
Court appointed committee (for incapable adult)
Patient designated representatives (difference between POA and PDR)
And advanced directive
Temporary substitute decision maker